Search results for " Cytokine"
showing 10 items of 602 documents
The Role of Endothelium in COVID-19
2021
The 2019 novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is causing a global pandemic. The virus primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and raises the risk of a variety of non-pulmonary consequences, the most severe and possibly fatal of which are cardiovascular problems. Data show that almost one-third of the patients with a moderate or severe form of COVID-19 had preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, heart failure, or coronary artery disease. SARS-CoV2 causes hyper inflammation, hypoxia, apoptosis, and a renin–angiotensin system imbalance …
Effects of exercise on inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic subjects
2011
Endothelial dysfunction and plasma markers of inflammation are significantly increased in type 2 diabetics. Several proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and cell adhesion molecules, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukines (IL), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), seem to play a role in the low-grade systemic inflammation observed in these subjects. Lifestyle changes are necessary to prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Physical exercise is known to reduce markers of inflammation by decreasing adipocytokine production and cytokine release from skeletal muscles, endothelial cells, and immune system and also improving antioxidant status. In type 2 diabeti…
Effects of alcohol-free beer on lipid profile and parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in elderly women
2009
We assessed the influence of alcohol-free beer on factors implicated in atherosclerosis, such as lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and proinflammatory cytokines, in postmenopausal women, a population particularly at risk for atherosclerotic disease.The study was carried out in 29 nuns, 58 to 73 y old, who live in a convent with a disciplined, regular, and homogeneous lifestyle. The nuns maintained their habits and diet routine, but their meals were supplemented with 500 mL/d of alcohol-free beer (0.0%) divided into two doses over a 45-d period. Lipid profile, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukins 1 and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and parameters of o…
Regulation of endotoxin-induced IL-6 production in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells by IL-10
1997
SUMMARY Sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells are the first cell populations in the liver that come into contact with gut-derived endotoxin in portal blood. Although endotoxin concentrations as high as 1 ng/ml are physiologically present in portal blood, no local inflammation is seen. We show that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, which is central to the development of inflammatory reactions in the liver, is produced by sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in response to low concentrations of endotoxin (100 pg/ml to 1 ng/ml). The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 down-regulated endotoxin-induced IL-6 release in endothelial and Kupffer cells. Importantly, Kupffer cells sec…
Pathophysiology of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in arterial hypertension
2009
This review shows how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play a pivotal role in the development of the organ injury that is associated with arterial hypertension. Elevated white blood cell count and higher levels of PMNs activation are risk factors for arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Spontaneously activated PMNs release proinflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species, which have negative effects on vascular tone and on their adhesion to the endothelium. The oxidative stress in hypertensive PMNs is revealed by increased NADPH-oxidase production and lipid peroxidation and by decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase concentrations. The overexpression of…
Association between Proinflammatory Markers, Leukocyte–Endothelium Interactions, and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Glyce…
2020
Glycated hemoglobin monitorization could be a tool for maintaining type 2 diabetes (T2D) under control and delaying the appearance of cardiovascular events. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the role of glycemic control in modulating early-stage markers of cardiovascular complications. One hundred and eight healthy controls and 161 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and distributed according to their glycemic control, setting the threshold at 6.5% (good control). Biochemical and anthropometrical parameters were registered during the initial visit, and peripheral blood was extracted to obtain polymorphonuclear cells and analyze inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, l…
Eosinophils, pruritus and psoriasis: effects of treatment with etretinate or cyclosporin-A
1998
Abstract Background The antipsoriatic drugs cyclosporin A (CyA) and etretinate have been found to influence proinflammatory eosinophilic leukocytes and pruritus. Aim We compared the number of blood eosinophils, concentration of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and pruritus in patients with psoriasis treated with either CyA or etretinate. Study design Patients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly assigned to treatment for 10 weeks with either CyA ( n =21) or etretinate ( n =10). The psoriasis area-and-severity index (PASI-score) and pruritus (according to a 0–3 scale) served as clinical parameters, the blood esosinophil counts (Coulter Counter) and the serum ECP (RIA, Pharmacia) as …
SP0086 Promotion Exercise: The Evidence
2013
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease, and the most common form of chronic joint inflammation. Inflammation leads to elevation of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RA also results in downregulation of anabolic factors for muscle, for example, muscle levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) [1]. The circulating levels of cytokines reflect may also play a significant role in rheumatoid cachexia, which is defined as a loss of body cell mass which predominates in skeletal muscle [2]. Despite the significant improvement of pharmaceutical interventions, therapeutic exerci…
Antigen carbohydrate 125 in heart failure: Not just a surrogate for serosal effusions?
2011
Wehave readwith interest the letter CA-125andheart failure:Deja vu or “still to be seen” by Topatan B and Basaran A [1] where the authors concisely reviewed the current pathophysiological knowledgeof CA125 in heart failure (HF). As discussed by these authors, the pathogenesis of this biomarker's elevation inHF is complex andmultifactorial,with apparently different driven forces. For instances, a proinflammatory stimulus (IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide) and mesothelial-induced stress appear thekeymechanisms related to the increaseof this biomarker in HF [1–5]. However, no clear evidence exists in regard to how these two mechanisms differentially participate in CA-125 elev…
The gut–liver-axis: Endotoxemia, inflammation, insulin resistance and NASH
2008
Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Waget A, Delmee E, Cousin B, Sulpice T, Chamontin B, Ferrieres J, Tanti JF, Gibson GR, Casteilla L, Delzenne NM, Alessi MC, Burcelin R. Diabetes and obesity are two metabolic diseases characterized by insulin resistance and a low-grade inflammation. Seeking an inflammatory factor causative of the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes, we have identified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a triggering factor. We found that normal endotoxemia increased or decreased during the fed or fasted state, respectively, on a…