Search results for " DAMAGE"
showing 10 items of 1139 documents
A continuum damage model for functionalized graphene membranes based on atomistic simulations
2017
A continuum model for GO membranes is developed in this study. The model is built representing the membrane as a two-dimensional, heterogeneous, two-phase continuum and the constitutive behavior of each phase (graphitic or oxidized) is built based on DFTB simulations of representative patches. A hyper-elastic continuum model is employed for the graphene areas, while a continuum damage model is more adequate for representing the behavior of oxidized regions. A finite element implementation for GO membranes subjected to degradation and failure is then implemented and, to avoid localization instabilities and spurious mesh sensitivity, a simple crack band model is adopted. The developed impleme…
Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis
2015
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…
P-01MicroRNA PROFILING IDETIFY NEW REGULATORY GENES IN ETHANOL-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION AND BRAIN DAMAGE THROUGH TLR4 RECEPTORS
2015
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding RNA regulating the transcription and translation of other RNA and are involved in several diseases and disorders, including neurodegeneration. We aim to evaluate the impact of miRNAs in the regulation of ethanol-induced neuro-inflammation and brain damage and to assess the potential role of miRNAs …
Implications of irradiating the subventricular zone stem cell niche
2016
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for brain tumor patients. However, it comes with side effects, such as neurological deficits. While likely multi-factorial, the effect may in part be associated with the impact of radiation on the neurogenic niches. In the adult mammalian brain, the neurogenic niches are localized in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where the neural stem cells (NSCs) reside. Several reports showed that radiation produces a drastic decrease in the proliferative capacity of these regions, which is related to functional decline. In particular, radiation to the SVZ led to a reduced long-term olfactory memo…
Long-Term Brain Disorders in Post Covid-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) Patient
2021
In the recent pandemic disease, called COVID-19, the role of neurologists and neurobiologists represents a chance to study key features of brain infection and deepen neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections. In fact, many studies suggest brain damage during infection and persistent neurological symptoms after COVID-19 infection. Reverse transcription PCR test, antibody tests, Computed Tomography (CT) of the lung, and Magnetic Resonance (MR) of the brain of the patient were periodically performed during this case report for eight months after infection. The aim of this article is to describe the prolonged neurological clinical consequences related to COVID-19.…
Neuronavigation-guided biopsy for differential diagnosis of pseudotumoral demyelinating brain lesions
2014
Abstract Marburg's disease (MD) is an extremely rare and aggressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS). In some cases, MD presents with tumefactive demyelinating lesions with a “tumor-like” appearance in MRI images, for which it may be difficult to achieve a form of differential diagnosis between definitive tumors or abscesses. Here we report a case of MD histopathologically confirmed after neuronavigationguided biopsy. Postoperative course was uneventful and following discharge, the patient attended outpatient follow-up appointments and received i.v. cyclophopsphamide, achieving progressive clinical remission. A nine-month follow-up brain MRI scan with gadolinium showed no signs of progressin…
Identification of inflammatory neuronal injury and prevention of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis: hope for novel therapies?
2013
Importance Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered the prototype for an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, modern histopathology and imaging techniques show that significant damage to neuronal structures already start occurring in the earliest stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, the extent of neuronal pathology accumulates. Therapeutic progress in terms of the prevention of increased disability has only just begun. Objective To review possible diagnostic improvements of neuronal compartment pathology as well as direct therapeutic interventions based on reports from the last decade and outline clinical results from studies and p…
Development of a nanostructured sensor for monitoring oxidative stress in living cells
2018
Oxidative burden is elevated in the lung of COPD patients and is associated with aging and chronic inflammation. When overcoming physiological levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause cell damage and sustain inflammation. Both lung epithelium and alveolar macrophages contribute to ROS generation. Currently, ROS generation is measured using fluorescent probes and colorimetric/fluorimetric assays. We present an amperometric nanostructured sensor for real-time detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by living cells. The H2O2 sensing performance was evaluated through the current vs time response of platinum rod at a working potential of −0.45 V vs saturated calomel electrode acting as…
A thermodynamically consistent nonlocal formulation for damaging materials
2002
A thermodynamically consistent nonlocal formulation for damaging materials is presented. The second principle of thermodynamics is enforced in a nonlocal form over the volume where the dissipative mechanism takes place. The nonlocal forces thermodynamically conjugated are obtained consistently from the free energy. The paper indeed extends to elastic damaging materials a formulation originally proposed by Polizzotto et al. for nonlocal plasticity. Constitutive and computational aspects of the model are discussed. The damage consistency conditions turn out to be formulated as an integral complementarity problem and, consequently, after discretization, as a linear complementarity problem. A n…
Low temperature X-ray luminescence of KNbO3 crystals
2000
We have studied X-ray luminescence of KNbO3 single crystal. The 575 nm luminescence band has been studied in the temperature range of 15‐45 K. The quenching parameters were found to be Qa 12 3 meV and ma 4 10 11 s ˇ1 .N o luminescence has been observed under heavy ion excitation ( 86 Kr ions, 8.63 MeV/amu) even at 15 K. ” 2000 Elsevier