Search results for " DIABETES MELLITUS"
showing 10 items of 309 documents
Metabolic disorders across hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy
2018
Background: Metabolic disorders are well-known risk factors for HCC. Conversely, their impact on the natural history of HCC is not established. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on clinical features, treatment and survival of HCC patients regardless of its aetiology. Methods: We analysed the ITA.LI.CA database regarding 839 HCC patients prospectively collected. The following metabolic features were analysed: BMI, diabetes, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. According to these features, patients were divided into 3 groups: 0-1, 2 and 3-5 metabolic features. Results: As compared with patients with 0-1 metabolic features, pati…
Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents.
2021
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical stud…
Insulin withdrawal in diabetic kidney disease : What are we waiting for?
2021
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide stands at nearly 9.3% and it is estimated that 20–40% of these patients will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and these patients often present high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in those patients with poorly controlled risk factors. Furthermore, many are overweight or obese, due primarily to insulin compensation resulting from insulin resistance. In the last decade, treatment with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have been shown to be beneficial in renal and cardiovascular targets; however…
Genetic Variability in Selected ZnT8 SNPs in the Opolskie Voivodeship (Poland) - Relationship with Type 2 Diabetes and its Complications and Accompan…
2023
Introduction: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is of multigeneous origin, and its course may be modified by autoimmune mechanisms. It can be assumed that the clinically different course of diabetes depends, among others, on the genetically determined efficiency of the mechanisms of zinc homeostasis maintenance. The study of the relationship of mutations in the gene encoding ZnT8 with the tendency to the occurrence of diabetes and its course may result in new therapeutic possibilities in the future. It is also interesting because in leukocytes only ZnT8 shows significant individual variability in expression under physiological and pathological conditions, which indicates its genetic determinan…
Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2019
BACKGROUND Establishing cardiovascular safety of new therapies for type 2 diabetes is important. Safety data are available for the subcutaneous form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide but are needed for oral semaglutide. METHODS We assessed cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in an event-driven, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients at high cardiovascular risk (age of ≥50 years with established cardiovascular or chronic kidney disease, or age of ≥60 years with cardiovascular risk factors only). The primary outcome in a time-to-event analysis was the first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (death fro…
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
2015
BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular deat…
Outcomes of Diabetic Retinopathy Post-Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2021
Bariatric surgery is an emerging therapeutic approach for obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with proven benefits for achieving target glucose control and even remission of diabetes. However, the effect of bariatric surgery upon diabetic retinopathy is still a subject of debate as some studies show a positive effect while others raise concerns about potential early worsening effects. We performed a systematic review, on PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases regarding the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy in obese T2DM patients who underwent weight-loss surgical procedures. A total of 6375 T2DM patients were analyzed. Most cases remained stable after b…
Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives
2019
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues caused by the accumulation of subgingival plaque and the action of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria. Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, such as the infection of atherosclerotic plaques by periodontal pathogens, the pro-atherogenic effect on the lipid profile, the systemic dissemination of pro-inflammatory mediators or the contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment has also been related to improvement in cardiometabolic risk variables, and o…
Periodontitis, blood lipids and lipoproteins
2014
Periodontitis, one of the most common chronic infections in adults, is characterized by the accumulation of dental plaque and infection by gram-negative pathogens bacteria, which further lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. A relationship between chronic periodontitis and abnormalities in lipid and/or lipoprotein metabolism is not well understood yet. Periodontitis is associated with elevated pro-atherogenic plasma-lipids, including small dense LDL, while oxidized LDL may act as inflammatory stimulant in periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens may directly modify lipoprotein, including protective characteristics of HDL and contribute to development of metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diab…
Diabetes and COVID-19: A Tale of 2 Pandemics.
2021
Abstract: Epidemiological studies indicate that diabetes is the second most common comorbidity in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, exerts direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. DARE-19 (Dapagliflozin in Respiratory Failure in Patients With COVID-19), an ongoing clinical trial, is designed to investigate the impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 progression. This article discusses the potential favorable impact of dapagliflozin on COVID-19 and its complications.