Search results for " Decline"
showing 10 items of 247 documents
Weight loss in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies: Impact on mortality and hospitalization by dementia subtype
2021
Objectives Loss of weight is associated with cognitive decline as well as several adverse outcomes in dementia. The aim of this study was to assess whether weight loss is associated with mortality and hospitalization in dementia subtypes. Methods A cohort of 11,607 patients with dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was assembled from a large dementia care health records database in Southeast London. A natural language processing algorithm was developed to established whether loss of weight was recorded around the time of dementia diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine the associations of reported weight l…
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease
2014
Epidemiological and biological evidences support a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing all types of dementia. Cognitive deficits in persons with diabetes mainly affect the areas of psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning and memory, mental flexibility and speed, and executive function. The strong epidemiological association has suggested the existence of a physiopathological link. The determinants of the accelerated cognitive decline in DM2, however, are less clear. Increased cortical and subcortical atrophy have been evidenced after controlling fo…
Diabetes and Dementia
2015
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have an increased incidence of cognitive decline and dementia. An increased cortical and subcortical atrophy has been found after controlling for vascular disease and inadequate cerebral circulation. A possible role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia has been suggested to mediate the link between DM2 and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Altered insulin signaling may contribute to AD biochemical and histopathological lesions. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia may contribute to cognitive decline in DM2. Recurrent symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes have been suggested to cause subclinical brain damage, and permanent cognitive impai…
Use of statins and the risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2018
AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether the use of statins could be associated with the risk of all-caused dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Major electronic databases were searched until December 27th, 2017 for studies investigating use of statins and incident cognitive decline in adults. Random-effects meta-analyses calculating relative risks (RRs) were conducted to synthesize effect sizes of individual studies. Twenty-five studies met eligibility criteria. Use of statins was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-caused dementia (k = 16 studies, adjusted RR (aRR) = 0.849…
Detecting impaired language processing in MCI patients using around-the-ear cEEgrid electrodes
2021
AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the term used to identify those individuals with subjective and objective cognitive decline but with preserved activities of daily living and an absence of dementia. While MCI can impact functioning in different cognitive domains, most notably episodic memory, relatively little is known about the comprehension of language in MCI. In this study we used around-the-ear electrodes (cEEGrids) to identify impairments during language comprehension in MCI patients. In a group of 23 MCI patients and 23 age-matched controls, language comprehension was tested in a two-word phrase paradigm. We examined the oscillatory changes following word onset as a function…
Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms.
2021
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experiment…
Mechanisms of population declines in boreal forest grouse
2007
Gilbert Ludwig tutki väitöskirjassaan, miksi kanalinnut ovat vähentyneet talousmetsissä. Suomen metsäkanalintukannat ovat vähentyneet merkittävästi viimeisen 40 vuoden ajan. Pesiin ja poikasiin kohdistuvaa saalistusta on pidetty tärkeimpänä syynä kanalintukantojen laskuun. Hakkuiden ja nuorten metsien osuuden lisääntymisen on katsottu lisänneen myyräkantoja ja niitä syöviä petoja, kuten kettuja, lisäten näin myös kanalintujen pesiin ja poikasiin kohdistuvaa saalistusta. Vuosikymmenten aikana laskenut poikastuotto on keskeisessä roolissa kanalintukantojen laskussa. - Ainakaan teerellä vuotuinen aikuiskuolleisuus ei ole lainkaan lisääntynyt. Hengissäsäilyminen on päinvastoin jopa parantunut, …
Walking Stroop carpet: an innovative dual-task concept for detecting cognitive impairment
2013
A Perrochon,1,2,5 G Kemoun,1,2 E Watelain,3,4 A Berthoz51ISIS, Research Institute on Handicap and Aging, Paris; 2Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire Mobilité, Vieillissement et Exercice (MOVE), EA 6314, 3Université de Valenciennes, LAMIH, UMR CNRS 8201, 4Université Sud Toulon Var, HandiBio, EA 4322, La Garde, 5LPPA, UMR CNRS 7152, Collège de France, Paris, FranceBackground: Several studies have reported the potential value of the dual-task concept during locomotion in clinical evaluation because cognitive decline is strongly associated with gait abnormalities. However, current dual-task tests appear to be insufficient for early diagnosi…
Pactola kuscheli sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential cause for the decline of the threatened New Caledonian conifer, Agathis montana de…
2017
Agathis montana is a conifer endemic to New Caledonia and one of the most threatened (Critically Endangered) plant species of this area. The exact causes of its decline are still unknown. The authors describe the characteristics of A. montana, the history and methodology of populatio nmonitoring, and possible factors causing the decline and habitat degradation. In 2014, some twigs showing symptoms suggesting attack by wood-boring insects were collected. From these, imagines of an unknown weevil species belonging to the genus Pactola Pascoe (Eugnomini)were reared. The new species is described as Pactola kuscheli Mazur sp. nov. Colour photographs of the dorsal habitus, line drawings of taxono…
I fattori di rischio per la biodiversità forestale in Sicilia: il caso studio del cerro di Gussone
2011
Il cerro di Gussone (Quercus Gussonei (Borzì) Brullo) è una specie endemica della Sicilia esclusiva della catena dei Nebrodi e del bosco della Ficuzza. Il presente studio ha esaminato la rinnovazione di questa pianta, nella Riserva Naturale Orientata “Bosco della Ficuzza, Rocca Busambra, Bosco del Cappelliere, Gorgo del Drago”. Si tratta di una formazione boschiva monoplana che mostra chiari segni di deperimento. Per isolare i fattori che influenzano la rinnovazione e la crescita delle giovani piantine è stato eseguito un piano di trattamenti. Il risultato dello studio ha confermato che la rinnovazione si afferma in parte e, soprattutto, le giovani piantine non si accrescono a causa della p…