Search results for " Dose"
showing 10 items of 593 documents
PET Chemistry: An Introduction
2021
One major advantage of radioactivity is its extremely high sensitivity of detection. Regarding the medical applicability of radioactivity, it permits non-invasive in vivo detection of radiolabelled compounds at nano- to picomolar levels. The use of substances at such low concentrations usually precludes a physiological, toxic or immunologic response of the investigated biological system. Consequently, the considered physiological process or system is examined in an unswayed situation. Furthermore, a wide range of substances, even those which are toxic at higher concentrations, become considerable for the development of radiopharmaceuticals and use in nuclear medicine. In contrast to the wid…
Relationship between endocrine disruptors and obesity with a focus on bisphenol A: a narrative review
2021
International audience; Introduction: Scientific data suggest that early exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect -repro, -neuro, -metabolic systems, to which are added other notions such as mixtures, window and duration of exposure, trans-generational effects, and epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: In the present narrative review, we studied the relationship between exposure to EDCs with the appearance and development of obesity. Results: Exposure to EDCs like Bisphenol A during the early stages of development has been shown to lead to weight gain and obesity. EDCs can interfere with endocrine signaling, affect adipocytes differentiation and endocrine function and disrupt meta…
Occurrence of Edwardsiella tarda in wild European eels Anguilla anguilla from Mediterranean Spain
2007
Pure cultures of Edwarsiella tarda were isolated from body ulcers and internal organs of wild European eels caught in a Mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon (Albufera Lake, Valencia, Spain) over a 1 yr period. Overall, the E. tarda isolation rate from wild eels was 9%, but this increased to 22.8% in diseased individuals. All 22 E. tarda isolates belonged to the 'wild-type' biogroup of the species and were virulent for eels (lethal dose that kills 50% of exposed individuals [LD50 dose]: 10(4.85) to 10(6.83) CFU ind.(-1)), and therefore represented the aetiological agent of the haemorrhagic disease observed in wild European eels. The E. tarda isolates and E. tarda CECT 894T type strain wer…
Short-course treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome).
1996
We evaluated liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome; Vestar, San Dimas, CA) administered to 88 immunocompetent patients (56 children) with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum. Thirteen patients received 4 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 10 (total dose, 24 mg/kg), and all were cured; 42 received 3 mg/kg on days 1-5 and 10 (18 mg/kg), and 41 were cured; 32 received 3 mg/kg on days 1-4 and 10 (15 mg/kg), and 29 were cured (amastigotes were not cleared from 1 child, and 2 relapsed). One adult was cured with a total dose of 12mg/kg. The four children who were not cured received 3 mg/kg for 10 days; none had further relapses. There were no significant adverse events. For VL due to L. infa…
Anidulafungin dosing in critically ill patients with continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration
2014
Background Anidulafungin is indicated as a first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients. In the intensive care unit, sepsis is the main cause of acute renal failure, and treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has increased in recent years. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics is affected by CRRT, but few studies have addressed the optimal dosage for anidulafungin during CRRT. Patients and methods We included 12 critically ill patients who received continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration to treat acute renal failure. Anidulafungin was infused on 3 consecutive days, starting with a loading dose (200 mg) on Day 1, and doses of 100 mg on Days 2 and 3. …
In vivo effects of intravascularly applied Escherichia coli hemolysin: dissociation between induction of granulocytopenia and lethality in monkeys.
1993
The effects of intravascular application of endotoxin-depleted Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA) was studied in rabbits and monkeys. In rabbits, bolus application of HlyA calculated to effect final blood levels of approximately 2-3 HU/ml (200-300 ng/ml) caused an acute fall of polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes to less than 20% of starting levels within 5 min. Additionally, platelet counts dropped to approximately 30% of starting levels, whereas lymphocyte counts varied considerably and seldom fell to less than 50%. Nine out ten animals that received 2-4 HU/ml toxin died within 90 min post application. These animals presented with signs of acute respiratory failure and post mortem inspectio…
Induction of immunologic memory following primary vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate …
2011
Background Induction of immunologic memory was assessed following primary vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). Methods Infants were randomized (1:1) to receive 3 doses of PHiD-CV or 7vCRM (7-valent CRM197-conjugated pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV]) at 2, 3, and 4 months of age followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPS) booster dose at 11 to 14 months of age. Pneumococcal geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers were measured. Results Postprimary immune responses were consistent with those in previous PHiD-CV and 7vCRM studies…
Immunogenicity of routinely used childhood vaccines when coadministered with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D…
2009
Background The choice of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D as main carrier protein in the candidate 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), was driven in part to avoid carrier-mediated suppression and possible bystander interference with coadministered vaccines. Immunogenicity data from 3 primary and 2 booster vaccination studies were assessed for possible impacts of PHiD-CV coadministration on immune responses to routinely administered childhood vaccines, in comparison to 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) coadministration. Methods Randomized, controlled studies in which PHiD-CV or 7vCRM vaccines were coadministered with DTP…
HEV Occurrence in Waste and Drinking Water Treatment Plants
2020
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), particularly zoonotic genotype 3, is present in environmental waters worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Thus, monitoring the presence of HEV in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an emerging topic due to the importance of reusing water on a global level. Given the limited data, this study aimed to monitor the occurrence of HEV in influent and effluent water in waste- and drinking-water treatment plants (WWTPs and DWTPs). To this end, different procedures to concentrate HEV in influent and effluent water from WWTPs and DWTPs were initially evaluated. The evaluated procedures resulted in average HEV recoveries of 15.2, 19.9, and 16.9% in influent, …
Inhibition of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Different Vegetable Matrices by Extracts of Trichoderma Species
2021
Post-harvest fungal diseases of plant products are a serious concern leading to economic losses and health risks. Moreover, the use of synthetic chemical fungicides to prevent these diseases is limited due to toxic residues. This study aimed at determining the effective dose of extracts of Trichoderma