Search results for " Drug resistance"

showing 10 items of 207 documents

Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis.

2012

Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the ma…

MaleTime FactorsCross-sectional studyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeCohort StudiesAntiretroviral Therapy Highly ActiveRitonavir-boosted darunavirGenotypeHIV InfectionTreatment FailureViralGenotypic resistanceDarunavirSulfonamidesGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedVirological failureInfectious DiseasesFemaleHumanmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)Logistic ModelTime FactorGenotypeAntiretroviral TherapySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVESulfonamideDrug Resistance ViralmedicineHumansHighly ActiveDarunavir; Genotypic resistance; Protease inhibitors; Ritonavir-boosted darunavir; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy Highly Active; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Sulfonamides; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Drug Resistance Viral; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesHIV Protease InhibitorDarunavirCross-Sectional Studiebusiness.industryHIV Protease InhibitorsProtease inhibitorsAntiretroviral therapyVirologyCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsProtease inhibitorMutationGenotypic resistanceHIV-1Cohort Studiebusiness
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Prevalence of acquired resistance mutations in a large cohort of perinatally infected HIV-1 patients

2019

Maleantiretroviral treatmentInfectious Disease TransmissiongenotypeHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Drug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistancemedicine.disease_causeRetrospective StudieGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruPrevalenceMedicineVerticalHIV InfectionViralpol Gene ProductsYoung adultGeneral MedicineInfectious DiseasesItalyMutation (genetic algorithm)FemaleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanMicrobiology (medical)AdultSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAdolescentAnti-HIV AgentsYoung AdultAcquired resistanceDrug Resistance ViralHumansvertical HIV transmissionAdolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Mutation; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Infectious Disease Transmission VerticalRetrospective StudiesHIV perinatally infectionbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentRetrospective cohort studyVirologyInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalLarge cohortpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusDrug resistanceMutationHIV-1Drug resistance; HIV-1; antiretroviral treatment; genotype; vertical HIV transmissionbusiness
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Rules-based HIV-1 genotypic resistance interpretation systems predict 8 week and 24 week virological antiretroviral treatment outcome and benefit fro…

2009

Objectives: To test retrospectively the ability of four freely available rules-based expert systems to predict short- and medium-term virological outcome following an antiretroviral treatment switch in pre-treated HIV-1 patients. Methods: The HIV-1 genotype interpretation systems (GISs) HIVdb, ANRS, Rega and AntiRetroScan were tested for their accuracy in predicting response to highly active antiretroviral therapy using 8 week (n = 765) and 24 week (n = 634) follow-up standardized treatment change episodes extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) database. A genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) was derived for each genotype-treatment pair for the different GI…

Maleinterpretation systemHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceLogistic regressionRetrospective StudieHIV InfectionPharmacology (medical)Microbial Sensitivity TestMiddle AgedPrognosisgenotype drug resistance algorithmAlgorithmTreatment OutcomeInfectious DiseasesItalyRNA ViralFemaleCohort studyHumanMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeLogistic ModelAnti-HIV AgentsPrognosiantiretroviralMicrobial Sensitivity TestsInternal medicinemedicinePotencyAnimalsHumansRetrospective StudiesPharmacologyReceiver operating characteristicbusiness.industryAnimalAnti-HIV AgentRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratiogenotype; interpretation system; antiretroviral; drug potency weightingWeightingLogistic ModelsROC CurveDrug resistanceImmunologyHIV-1businessdrug potency weighting
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Anti-bacterial activity of graphene oxide as a new weapon nanomaterial to combat multidrug-resistance bacteria.

2016

Antibiotic resistance in microbial pathogens has become a serious health problem in the world. The increasing spread of hospital acquired infections especially in immunocompromised and cancer patients caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial pathogens is restricting the choices for impressive antibiotic therapy. So many efforts have been made to develop new compounds with antimicrobial activity. In recent years, nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have found many applications in various fields, including antibacterial action, pathogens bio detection, cancer therapy, and drug and gene delivery. The use of graphene oxide as an antibacterial agent for the treatme…

Materials scienceSilverBiocompatibilityBioengineeringNanotechnology02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistryGram-Positive Bacteria01 natural sciencesNanomaterialslaw.inventionNanocompositesBiomaterialsAntibiotic resistancelawDrug Resistance Multiple BacterialGram-Negative BacteriaAntibacterial agentTitaniumGrapheneOxides021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAntimicrobial0104 chemical sciencesAnti-Bacterial AgentsMultiple drug resistanceMechanics of MaterialsSurface modificationGraphiteZinc Oxide0210 nano-technologyCopperMaterials scienceengineering. C, Materials for biological applications
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Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: Do We Have a Convincing Answer?

2014

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyBacteriabusiness.industryMedicine (all)Drug ResistanceBacterialPneumonia Ventilator-AssociatedBacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Pneumonia Ventilator-Associated; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Drug Resistance Bacterial; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology (medical); Medicine (all)Pneumoniamedicine.diseasePneumoniaVentilator-AssociatedMultidrug resistant bacteriaInfectious DiseasesHealthcare associatedEnterobacteriaceaeDrug Resistance BacterialPseudomonas aeruginosamedicineBacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Pneumonia; Ventilator-Associated; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Drug Resistance; Bacterial; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology (medical); Medicine (all)HumansIntensive care medicinebusiness
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 3-(2-chloroethyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-f][1,2,3,5]tetrazepin-4-(…

2015

Based on the encouraging results found for 3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-f][1,2,3,5]tetrazepin-4-(3H)-one 7 previously tested by us, as well as the consideration that heterocycle fused tetrazepinones bearing the 2-chloroethyl substituent show a better cytotoxic profile than temozolomide and mitozolomide against human cancer cell lines which express the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), in this paper we report the multistep synthesis and the biological study of 3-(2-cloroethyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-f][1,2,3,5]tetrazepin-4-(3H)-one 10. Like compound 7, it was active on P-glycoprotein e…

MethyltransferaseStereochemistryHL60Antineoplastic AgentsApoptosisHL-60 CellsStructure-Activity Relationshipchemistry.chemical_compoundDrug DiscoveryHumansStructure–activity relationshipCell ProliferationPharmacologyTrifluoromethylDose-Response Relationship DrugMolecular StructureChemistryCell growthCell CycleOrganic ChemistryAzepinesGeneral MedicineCell cycleSettore CHIM/08 - Chimica Farmaceutica1235-Tetrazepinones pyrazolo[34-f][1235]-tetrazepinones drug resistance apoptosis antiproliferative activityCell cultureApoptosisPyrazolesDrug Screening Assays AntitumorK562 CellsEuropean Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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Post-neurosurgical multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis successfully treated with intrathecal colistin. A new case and a systematic…

2010

Summary Introduction Post-neurosurgical nosocomial meningitis has become an important subgroup of bacterial meningitis in the hospital setting. The increase in meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has resulted in a significant reduction in available treatment options. Case report and literature review We report the case of a 36-year-old man with a complex craniofacial trauma, who developed a nosocomial meningitis due to MDR A. baumannii that was cured by intrathecal colistin. The case is contextualized among all the published cases of Acinetobacter meningitis treated with topical colistin found through a MEDLINE search of the literature. To date, including …

Microbiology (medical)Acinetobacter baumanniiAdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_classIntraventricularAntibioticsNeurosurgeryIntrathecalMeningitis BacterialPharmacotherapyPostoperative ComplicationsInternal medicineDrug Resistance Multiple BacterialMedicineCraniocerebral TraumaHumansMeningitisInjections SpinalbiologyAcinetobacterbusiness.industryColistinAcinetobacter; Colistin; Intrathecal; Intraventricular; Meningitis; NeurosurgeryGeneral MedicineAcinetobacterbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseSurgeryAcinetobacter baumanniiAnti-Bacterial AgentsMultiple drug resistanceMeningitiInfectious DiseasesTreatment OutcomeColistinNeurosurgerybusinessMeningitismedicine.drugAcinetobacter Infections
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NDM-1 and OXA-163 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Cairo, Egypt, 2012

2013

Here we describe carbapenem resistance determinants in two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from two hospitalised patients in the same intensive care unit of a cancer hospital in Cairo, Egypt. PCR and sequencing were used to detect and characterise β-lactamase genes. Clonal relationships between the isolates were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The first K. pneumoniae isolate carried the blaNDM-1 gene and the second isolate carried the blaOXA-163 gene. Both isolates co-expressed the extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15. The two isolates belonged to different sequence types (STs), ST11 and ST16, respectively. No history of …

Microbiology (medical)Antimicrobial drug resistanceSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaOXA-163biologyGeographic areaKlebsiella pneumoniaeImmunologyNorth africaSequence typesNDM-1biology.organism_classificationMicrobiologyVirologyMicrobiologyCarbapenemaseKlebsiella pneumoniaeNDM-1; OXA-163; Carbapenemase; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Antimicrobial drug resistancePulsed-field gel electrophoresisImmunology and AllergyMultilocus sequence typingCarbapenem resistance
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Antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance: A snapshot of an Italian neuromuscular rehabilitation center

2017

The paper presents a snapshot of the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms and antimicrobial consumption in an Italian rehabilitation center over a two-year period (2014-2015). Data on microorganism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were obtained from the diagnostic laboratory of the hospital. A set of indicators was assessed, including the incidence density of resistant isolates per 1000 patient-days (IDRI). Data on antimicrobial consumption, semi-annually, obtained from the hospital pharmacy, were expressed as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 patient-days. The most frequently isolated microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%), and a significant i…

Microbiology (medical)GastrointestinalCathetersBacteriaSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveAntimicrobial consumption; Antimicrobial resistance; DDD per 1000 patient-days; Healthcare-associated infections; Rehabilitation hospital; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Catheters; Drug Utilization; Intubation Gastrointestinal; Italy; Neuromuscular Diseases; Risk Factors; Drug Resistance Bacterial; Rehabilitation CentersHealthcare-Associated infections.Drug ResistanceBacterialNeuromuscular DiseasesHealthcare-associated infectionsAntimicrobial resistanceRehabilitation hospitalDDD per 1000 patient-daysRehabilitation CentersDrug UtilizationAnti-Bacterial AgentsItalyRisk FactorsAntimicrobial consumptionDrug Resistance BacterialIntubationIntubation GastrointestinalAntimicrobial consumption; Antimicrobial resistance; DDD per 1000 patient-days; Healthcare-Associated infections.; Rehabilitation hospital; Microbiology (medical)DDD per 1000 patient-day
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Antibiotic-Resistant Gram Negative Bacilli in Meals Delivered at a General Hospital, Italy

2009

This study aimed at detecting the presence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negatives in samples of meals delivered at the University General Hospital of Palermo, Italy. Antibiotic resistant Gram negatives were isolated in July—September 2007 ffrom cold dishes and food contact surfaces and utensils. Bacterial strains were submitted to susceptibility test and subtyped by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Forty-six of 55 (83.6%) food samples and 14 of 17 (82.3%) environmental swabs were culture positive for Gram negative bacilli resistant to at least one group of antibacterial drugs. A total of 134 antibiotic resistant strains, 51 fermenters and 83 non-fermenters, were recovered. Fe…

Microbiology (medical)Gram-negative bacteriaArticle Subjectmedicine.drug_classAntibioticsDrug resistanceMicrobiologyMicrobiologylcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseaseshopsital cateringAntibiotic resistanceVirologymedicinelcsh:RC109-216gram negative bacilliGramdrug resistancebiologybusiness.industryfood and beveragesbiology.organism_classificationRAPDMultiple drug resistanceInfectious DiseasesParasitologybusinessFood contaminantResearch ArticleInterdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
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