Search results for " Drug"

New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chr…

2020

AbstractThe present paper reports one of the first studies on the identification of natural resins and balsams in modern era drug formulations. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to investigate the composition of ancient remedies and pharmaceutical formulations coming from the Spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, founded at the end of the seventeenth century by the Discalced Carmelites. The obtained results highlight the presence of complex mixtures containing resinaceous and lipidic-based compounds. Thanks to the detection of characteristic markers, it was possible to identify several natural resins, such as guaiacum resin, ladano resin and scamm…

Structure-Based Design of an RNA-Bindingp-Terphenylene Scaffold that Inhibits HIV-1 Rev Protein Function

2013

Effects of Anandamide and Noxious Heat on Intracellular Calcium Concentration in Nociceptive DRG Neurons of Rats

2007

As an endogenous agonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and the capsaicin-receptor TRPV1, anandamide may exert both anti- and pronociceptive actions. Therefore we studied the effects of anandamide and other activators of both receptors on changes in free cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) in acutely dissociated small dorsal root ganglion neurons (diameter: ≤30 μm). Anandamide (10 μM) increased [Ca2+]iin 76% of the neurons. The EC50was 7.41 μM, the Hill slope was 2.15 ± 0.43 (mean ± SE). This increase was blocked by the competitive TRPV1-antagonist capsazepine (10 μM) and in Ca2+-free extracellular solution. Neither exclusion of voltage-gated sodium channels nor additional blockade of voltage-gate…

Cytomegalovirus and varicella–zoster virus vaccines in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

2009

Impairment of cellular immunity upon hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may lead to serious clinical manifestations induced by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections. Although the clinical presentations, preferential organ involvement and clinical courses are different, infections with both herpesviruses are similar with respect to many pathophysiological aspects and the therapeutic strategies that are employed to combat them. Antiviral drug prophylaxis and therapy are successfully used to limit the risk of reactivated HCMV and VZV infections, but are unable to absolutely prevent episodes of virus disease in long-term follow-up after HSCT. Contr…

New efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane…

2015

Abstract In our ongoing search for highly active hybrid molecules exceeding their parent compounds in anticancer, antimalaria as well as antiviral activity and being an alternative to the standard drugs, we present the synthesis and biological investigations of 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. In vitro tests against the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line revealed di-1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrid 7 as the most active compound (IC50 of 0.01 μM). Regarding the activity against the multidrug resistant subline CEM/ADR5000, 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrid 5 showed a remarkable activity (IC50 of 0.53 μM). Contrary to the antimalaria activity of hybrids 4–8 against Plasmodium falciparum …

Hyaluronic acid based hydrogels for antibiotics and enzymes release: from academic research to industry

2016

Conclusion: HA-g-PDLLA hydrogel is suitable to coat a prosthesis remaining adherent to it and distributing itself in the bone cavity. The hydrogel has been proven effective in a rabbit model of highly contaminated implant. In vivo studies have demonstrated how the intraoperative coating of implants with DAC is safe and feasible. HA-EDA-MA hydrogel is able to protect PEP from alteration during storage and it seems a good candidate for a potential once-daily oral formulation in the treatment of celiac disease.

Production of hyaluronic acid derivative microfibers with controlled dimension as potential drug delivery system

2015

Structure and Stability of Racemic and Enantiopure Pimobendan Monohydrates: On the Phenomenon of Unusually High Stability

2017

Study of structures and physicochemical properties of racemic (rac-H) and enantiopure (enant-H) hydrates of the active pharmaceutical ingredient pimobendan revealed that both hydrates have highly similar crystal structures and exhibit unusually high stability. Both structures contain identical two-dimensional layers and very similar conformations. The most significant difference is the stacking of these layers. The high stability of both hydrates appeared as extremely low solubility over a wide temperature range as well as an exceptionally high dehydration temperature and melting point. Study of the dehydration process showed that both hydrates have different activation energies of dehydrat…

Reduction of clozapine-induced hypersalivation by pirenzepine is safe.

2004

Introduction Hypersalivation is known as a frequent, disturbing, and socially stigmatizing side effect of therapy with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. It has been shown that the addition of the anticholinergic pirenzepine is able to reduce clozapine-induced hypersalivation, probably by blocking M4-receptors. Nevertheless, a pharmacokinetic interaction between both compounds cannot be excluded. Methods In this pilot study, 29 schizophrenic patients (ICD-10; 51.7 % female; age: 36.7 +/- 8.7 years [mean +/- SD]) were included. Serum concentrations of clozapine and its pharmacologically active metabolite N-desmethylclozapine were determined under steady-state conditions by automated HPLC …

Physiological Effects of Hyperthermia

1987

Hyperthermia as a modality for the treatment of malignant tumors, either alone or in combination with radiation or anticancer drugs, is rapidly becoming a clinical reality. Three different mechanisms of action have provided the rationale for considering the use of hyperthermia as an antitumor agent. At moderate hyperthermia (T=40˚ -42.5˚ C), heat can increase cell killing in a synergistic way following exposure of a tumor to ionizing radiation. This radiosensitization is probably based on, among other things, the inhibited repair of radiation-induced DNA lesions. Elevated tissue temperatures at 40˚ -42.5˚ C also sensitize tumor cells to certain chemotherapeutic drugs, particularly to alkyla…