Search results for " EXPRESSION"

Central Serotonin2C Receptor: From Physiology to Pathology

2006

Since the 1950s, when serotonin (5-HT) was discovered in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), an enormous amount of experimental evidence has revealed the pivotal role of this biogenic amine in a number of cognitive and behavioural functions. Although 5-HT is synthesized by a small group of neurons within the raphe nuclei of the brain stem, almost all parts of the CNS receive serotonergic projections. Furthermore, the importance of 5-HT modulation and the fine-tuning of its action is underlined by the large number of 5-HT binding sites found in the CNS. Hitherto, up to 15 different 5-HT receptors subtypes have been identified. This review was undertaken to summarize the work that has…

Serum Response Factor-Mediated Gene Regulation in a Drosophila Visual Working Memory

2013

Summary Background Navigation through the environment requires a working memory for the chosen target and path integration facilitating an approach when the target becomes temporarily hidden. We have previously shown that this visual orientation memory resides in the ellipsoid body, which is part of the central complex in the Drosophila brain. Former analysis of  foraging and ignorant mutants have revealed that a hierarchical PKG and RSKII kinase signaling cascade in a subset of the ellipsoid-body ring neurons is required for this type of working memory in flies. Results Here we show that mutants in the ellipsoid body open  ( ebo ) gene, which encodes the actin-binding protein Exportin 6, e…

Bioactive glass ions induce efficient osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells encapsulated in gellan gum and collagen type I hydrogels

2019

Abstract Background Due to unmet need for bone augmentation, our aim was to promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) encapsulated in gellan gum (GG) or collagen type I (COL) hydrogels with bioactive glass (experimental glass 2-06 of composition [wt-%]: Na2O 12.1, K2O 14.0, CaO 19.8, P2O5 2.5, B2O3 1.6, SiO2 50.0) extract based osteogenic medium (BaG OM) for bone construct development. GG hydrogels were crosslinked with spermidine (GG-SPD) or BaG extract (GG-BaG). Methods Mechanical properties of cell-free GG-SPD, GG-BaG, and COL hydrogels were tested in osteogenic medium (OM) or BaG OM at 0, 14, and 21 d. Hydrogel embedded hASCs were cultured in OM or BaG OM fo…

Working with (too) Few Samples

2018

This paper is concerned with gene set differential expression analysis. We compare the transcriptomic behaviour of each gene set between different experimental conditions.The gene set is previously defined. It has been used a gene set collection downloaded from Gene Ontology.A randomization test is proposed and compared with other previous procedures using a RNA-seq experiment of colorectal cancer (CRC).

GIBBERELLINS REGULATE CELL DIVISION AND PARTHENOCARPIC FRUIT SET IN CITRUS

Fruit set and growth is regulated by hormones interaction, gibberellins (GA) being a main part of the process in Citrus. Actually, it is well known the time-course of GA content in the citrus ovary during flowering and its correlation with fruit set in both seeded and seedless species. However, GA endogenous role is uncertain. Is GA in the ovary a direct regulator or an indirect part of the hormonal stimuli that reactivates and maintains cell division triggering fruit set? While in seeded varieties GA synthesis that occurs in fertilized ovules is the primary stimulus controlling early ovary development, is there any specific tissue-dependent regulation of parthenocarpy? While initiation of …

Evolution and functional differentiation of recently diverged phytochelatin synthase genes from Arundo donax L.

2019

Plant phytochelatin synthases undergo evolutionarily rapid functional differentiation after duplication, allowing fast and precise adjustment of metal detoxification capacity by modulation of both transcription and enzymatic activity.

Are control of extracellular acid-base balance and regulation of skeleton genes linked to resistance to ocean acidification in adult sea urchins?

2020

SCOPUS: ar.j

Screening of Ovarian steroidogenic pathway in Ciona intestinalis and its modulation after Tributyltin exposure

2010

In this study, we have identified several ovarian steroids in Ciona with high similarity to vertebrate steroids and showed that cholesterol, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, estradiol-17beta, testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone, have identical molecular spectra with vertebrate steroids. In addition, we have studied the effects of an endocrine disruptor (tributyltin: TBT) on these sex hormones and their precursors, ovarian morphology, and gene expression of some key enzymes in steroidogenic pathway in the ovary of Ciona. Ovarian specimens were cultured in vitro using different concentrations of TBT (10{sup -5}, 10{sup -4} and 10{sup -3} M). Ethanol was used as solvent co…

Melanoma cells release extracellular vesicle which contain H1° linker histone as well as RNA-binding proteins which bind to the H1° mRNA

2015

We previously demonstrated that G26/24 oligodendroglioma cells release EVs that contain proteins, such as FasL and TRAIL, which induce apoptosis in rat cortical neurons [1] and astrocytes [2]. We also reported that cancer cells use EVs for transferring, into the environment [3], proteins such as extracellular matrix remodelling proteases [4], and H1°, a differentiation-specific histone [5]. In particular, by releasing H1°, cells could escape differentiation cues [5]. To verify the role of EVs in releasing specific proteins and mRNAs, in this study we used as a model A375 melanoma cells. METHODS EVs were purified from cell culture media as previously reported [1, 2]. T1 RNase-protection assa…

Cancer cells can affect behaviour of neighbouring cells by transferring molecules through extracellular vesicles

2017

Most cells release into the extracellular space membrane-bound structures of different sizes, origin and composition, collectively called extracellular vesicles (EVs) [1]. Tumor cells are much more active than normal cells in producing EVs. Because of this property, they are able to transfer both nucleic acids and proteins to the surrounding normal cells, thus inducing in these latter at least some transformed behavior. We previously showed that EVs produced by G26/24 oligodendroglioma cells can horizontally transfer to their neighbours radioactive proteins [2]. In addition, EVs released by these cells contain pro-apoptotic proteins, such as TRAIL and Fas-Ligand, able to induce apoptosis in…