Search results for " Economic Development"
showing 10 items of 46 documents
Explorative study of multifunctional agriculture in a Sicilian inland area
2016
The study investigates the agricultural multifunctional activities carried out in a Sicilian typical rural area, the motivations for entrepreneurial choices and the overall level of satisfaction. An exploratory survey was therefore carried out on a selected group of 13 farms localized in 3 Sicilian provinces, with the goal to identify strengths and weaknesses of their multifunctional activities. From the farm survey, several positive results came to light, among which a wide variety of services and activities, an increase in farm workforce and a high level in communication and Internet services. On the other hand, some criticalities emerged in the transition process, such as heavy delays in…
Headquarters’ Control Capacity and the Choice of R&D Organizational Forms Abroad
2013
International audience; Recently, regarding globalization, the decentralization of R&D activities abroad by multinational companies (MNCs) has become important in developed countries. However, academic research has not given this topic sufficient attention. This paper explains how the efficiency of control and incentive mechanisms may affect the choice of organizational forms by MNCs that decentralize their R&D activities abroad. We identify five main organizational forms: wholly owned green-field subsidiary, wholly owned acquired subsidiary, joint venture, cross-licensing agreements, and unilateral licensing agreements. A questionnaire addressed to the R&D managers of American and European…
The economics of extortion: Theory and the case of the Sicilian Mafia
2023
This paper studies extortion of firms operating in legal sectors by a profit-maximizing criminal organization. We develop a simple taxation model under asymmetric information to find the Mafia optimal extortion as a function of firms’ observable characteristics, namely size and sector. We test the predictions of the model on a unique dataset on extortion in Sicily, the Italian region where the Sicilian Mafia, one of the most ancient criminal organizations, operates. In line with our theoretical model, our empirical findings show that extortion is strongly concave with respect to firm size and highly regressive. The percentage of profits appropriated by the Mafia ranges from 40% for small fi…
Emballage, logistique et économie circulaire : prémices d'un nouveau packaging scorecard
2017
International audience; – Dans les systèmes de production comme de commercialisation et de consommation actuels, l'emballage est omniprésent. Ses fonctions sont multiples. Elles concernent autant la qualité des produits qu'il contient, leur mise en valeur par ses aspects marketing, que la logistique via les activités de manutention, de stockage et de transport qu'il permet. Partenaire indispensable des différents acteurs (fournisseurs, industriels, prestataires de services logistiques, transporteurs, grossistes, détaillants, consommateurs) au sein des chaînes logistiques, il a donné lieu, depuis les années 2000, à l'élaboration de packaging scorecards. Cependant, face au changement de parad…
Complementarity between human capital and public infrastructure in industrial comparative advantage
2021
The article examines the role of public capital as an infrastructure service in the acquisition of industrial comparative advantages. To achieve this in this framework, we develop a theoretical model highlighting the complementarity between public and human capital as a mechanism of industrial development, and test this idea using sectoral panel data from 1999 to 2014 across 35 advanced and less advanced countries. Our results show that the sustainable acquisition of a comparative advantage in the production of industrial goods can only be guaranteed by accumulating public capital and human capital. It shows that public infrastructure can only generate industrialization when it is made avai…
Tourism Dynamics and Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis between Mediterranean Islands: Evidence for Post-COVID-19 Strategies
2022
Tourism may not sustainably support territories with limited natural resource stock such as islands. The volume of visitor arrivals and the industry investments can increase the pressure even beyond sustainable levels. There is an evident and unresolved tension between these two great polarities, sustainability and economic growth driven by tourism. The aim for policymakers is to find an acceptable equilibrium between these two dimensions. This paper investigates tourism evolution between 2007 and 2019 in 15 Mediterranean islands, comparing tourism pressures through statistical indicators. The analysis will compare tourism demand and supply trends in these contexts. The performances will be…
Smarter Teachers, Smarter Pupils? Some New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
2017
Document de travail du BETA, n°2017-35. En ligne sur : http://www.beta-umr7522.fr/productions/publications/2017/2017-35.pdf; We study the effect of teacher subject knowledge on student achievement in mathematics and reading by using a dataset from six Sub-Saharan African countries. By using a difference-indifference between pupils' and teachers' scores in two skills, we are able to avoid potential endogeneity bias. In most estimations, we do not find a significant teacher knowledge effect in most countries. The main reason is teacher absenteeism and the need to focus on core knowledge. Indeed, more knowledgeable teachers improve student learning only if certain conditions are met. For insta…
Convergence et divergence comparées du salaire des enseignants du primaire dans l'échelle de développement économique
2008
Remunerations for primary teachers along the scale of economic development: convergence or divergence ?The relative distribution of wages at the aggregate level, without reference to individual characteristics, is linked both to structural aspects in local labour markets and the burden of history that makes that profession remains paid differently as compared to others. The teaching profession for the primary school has several characteristics of interest, it is a common profession, nearly one percent of labour force and whose conditions and qualifications are relatively close around the world. This text is dedicated to measure the relative pay off for teachers. Mainly, the position for a n…
Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé
2011
En ligne sur http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=REL_792_0045; International audience; L'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de la croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-entreprise de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-entreprise, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises sont prêtes à payer les connaissa…
Competitiveness and sustainability of extreme viticulture in Pantelleria Island
2011
The environmental and land protection could be obtained promoting an agricultural activity that encourages the business competitiveness respecting the traditions. In Pantelleria, ‘black island’ in the middle of Mediterranean, the viticultural surface has significantly decreased in the last years, causing a massive rural exodus. The University of Palermo, to block this phenomenon and to contain the progressive abandonment of vineyards, carried out several experimental proofs in order to increase the mechanization of cultural practices in the vineyards cultivated according to ‘alberello a conca’ farming system. In this context, the aim of this paper is to analyze as the process innovations co…