Search results for " Enhancement"
showing 10 items of 521 documents
‘Classical’ doping, financial doping and beyond: UEFA’s financial fair play as a policy of anti-doping
2014
Against the backdrop of an increasing use of the term ‘doping’ in circumstances other than the classical understanding, this theoretic article provides a new and comprehensive inter-disciplinary reflection of the doping concept. The aim is to elaborate a broader understanding of doping in relation to socio-economic contexts. Besides addressing the question which structural similarities in general justify the label ‘doping’, a comparison between ‘classical’ doping and the so-called financial doping in European club football is developed. These insights serve as a basis for a consideration, to what extent insights of social-scientific research on drugs in sport may be consulted to analyse soc…
Project finance in the energy industry: new debt-based financing models
2012
The paper aims to examine the development of new financing models for project finance to attract private investors to finance large European energy infrastructure projects. In particular, the paper investigates the uniqueness of the project finance as a rapidly growing field in finance, the financial characteristics of the project bond market as one of the vehicles for funding energy projects, and the role of the credit support provided by the European Investment Bank and the European Union to promote the bond-based financing schemes. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 provides a general description of project finance. Section 2 identifies the economic reasons for using project fi…
Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Corrugated-Undulated Plate Heat Exchangers
2000
An experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow was conducted for corrugated-undulated plate heat exchanger configurations under transitional and weakly turbulent conditions. For a given geometry of the corrugated plates the geometrical characteristics of the undulated plates, the angle formed by the latter with the main flow direction, and the Reynolds number were made to vary. Distributions of the local heat transfer coefficient were obtained by using liquid-crystal thermography, and surface-averaged values were computed; friction coefficients were measured by wall pressure tappings. Overall heat transfer and pressure drop correlations were derived. Three-dimen…
Optical sectioning by two-pinhole confocal fluorescence microscopy.
2003
A two-pinhole axially superresolving confocal fluorescence imaging system is presented. Based on the concept of subtractive incoherent imaging, the system described here is equipped with a zero-focus complex-transmittance pupil filter in one of the collector paths. The optical sectioning capacity of the system is 25% superior to that of a free-pupil one-pinhole instrument.
Methanol fuel processor and PEM fuel cell modeling for mobile application
2010
International audience; The use of hydrocarbon fed fuel cell systems including a fuel processor can be an entry market for this emerging technology avoiding the problem of hydrogen infrastructure. This article presents a 1 kW low temperature PEM fuel cell system with fuel processor, the system is fueled by a mixture of methanol and water that is converted into hydrogen rich gas using a steam reformer. A complete system model including a fluidic fuel processor model containing evaporation, steam reformer, hydrogen filter, combustion, as well as a multi-domain fuel cell model is introduced. Experiments are performed with an IDATECH FCS1200™ fuel cell system. The results of modeling and experi…
Comparison of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI in 471 patients with known or suspected renal lesions : results of a mu…
2008
The purpose of this phase III clinical trial was to compare two different extracellular contrast agents, 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine, for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with known or suspected focal renal lesions. Using a multicenter, single-blind, interindividual, randomized study design, both contrast agents were compared in a total of 471 patients regarding their diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to correctly classify focal lesions of the kidney. To test for noninferiority the diagnostic accuracy rates for both contrast agents were compared with CT results based on a blinded reading. The average diagnostic accuracy across the three bli…
MR-imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma capsule appearance in cirrhotic liver: comparison of gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine.
2016
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare the MR-imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) capsule appearance on gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging, using imaging-based presumptive diagnosis of HCC as the reference standard. Methods: Gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging of 51 patients with 71 HCCs were retrospectively reviewed. Three readers graded in consensus, using a five-point scale, the presence (score 4–5) of capsule appearance on images obtained during T1-weighted GRE portal venous phase (PVP), 3-min phase, and hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The Fisher's exact test and the t student unpaired test were performed. Results: …
Hepatic enhancement in cirrhosis in the portal venous phase: what are the differences between gadoxetate disodium and gadobenate dimeglumine?
2020
Purpose: To compare the level of parenchymal and portal venous enhancement in the portal venous phase (PVP) in cirrhotic patients undergoing gadoxetate disodium- and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI. Methods: In this retrospective study, 84 cirrhotic patients (mean age ± SD: 66 ± 13 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI with both gadoxetate disodium and gadobenate dimeglumine between 2012 and 2018 were included. Two readers measured signal intensities of hepatic parenchyma, portal vein and psoas muscle on precontrast and PVP. Relative enhancement (RE), image contrast, and portal vein-to-liver contrast difference were calculated. Intraindividual differences were compared with the Wil…
Hyperintense nodule-in-nodule on hepatobiliary phase arising within hypovascular hypointense nodule: Outcome and rate of hypervascular transformation.
2019
Purpose: To investigate the clinical implications and natural history of observations showing a “nodule-in-nodule” architecture on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in a cirrhotic population. Method: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study conducted in a single institution. We identified 20 patients (11 men and 9 women, mean age 71 years, range 51–83 years) who had a hyperintense nodule on HBP arising within a larger HBP-hypointense nodule without arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) at gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI. Size and signal intensity of the nodules were evaluated in all sequences, along with the evolution of the nodules at serial MRI studies. Results: Twenty-four…
Comparison of the Enhancement Pattern of Hepatic Hemangioma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performed With Gd-EOB-DTPA Versus Gd-BOPTA
2019
Abstract Purpose To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine for the diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we included 26 hemangiomas (mean size was 14 mm ± 10 mm) in 19 patients (mean age 60 ± 14 years) scanned with both gadobenate dimeglumine MRI and gadoxetic acid MRI. For each patient, we collected multiple lesion variables including location, number, size and enhancement pattern on arterial, portal venous, 3-minute and hepatobiliary phases with both gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine. The enhancement pattern with the two contrast agents was then compared. Results The typical en…