Search results for " Envelope"
showing 10 items of 253 documents
The urban and environmental building code as implementation tool
2014
The frame within which the work is placed refers to the actions necessary to achieve the objectives of the coverage of the consumption of energy from renewable sources compared to the gross final consumption, posed to Regions by 2020, and that can be implemented through various actions involving local gov-ernments including the revision of the Building Regulations municipalities in a sustainable view. Theseactions are increasingly being recognized as energy plan-ning tools for the territories where administrations have committed to the Euro-pean project Covenant of Mayors. The discussion shows how the adoption by the Regions of Guidelines for sustainable Municipal Building Regulations can b…
Controlling Thermal Flows through Natural Materials in Building Construction Sector
2019
Nowadays, the attention about the building sustainability is increasingly emerging, because of the major responsibility of the building field on the environmental degradation: both in terms of energy consumption from non-renewable sources and the raw materials impoverishment. In addition, the level of comfort required by users is growing and the thermal insulation of buildings becomes the key element for the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, both in the case of new construction and of the existing ones. The heat load of a building depends on the presence of insulating material which defines the performance of the building envelope. The main purpose of this work is both to i…
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Cystoviridae
2017
The family Cystoviridae includes enveloped viruses with a tri-segmented dsRNA genome and a double-layered protein capsid. The innermost protein shell is a polymerase complex responsible for genome packaging, replication and transcription. Cystoviruses infect Gram-negative bacteria, primarily plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Cystoviridae, which is available at http://www.ictv.global/report/cystoviridae.
Presentation of an Immunodominant Immediate-Early CD8+ T Cell Epitope Resists Human Cytomegalovirus Immunoevasion.
2013
Control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends on CD8+ T cell responses that are shaped by an individual's repertoire of MHC molecules. MHC class I presentation is modulated by a set of HCMV-encoded proteins. Here we show that HCMV immunoevasins differentially impair T cell recognition of epitopes from the same viral antigen, immediate-early 1 (IE-1), that are presented by different MHC class I allotypes. In the presence of immunoevasins, HLA-A- and HLA-B-restricted T cell clones were ineffective, but HLA-C*0702-restricted T cell clones recognized and killed infected cells. Resistance of HLA-C*0702 to viral immunoevasins US2 and US11 was mediated by the alpha3 domain and C-terminal region …
Cloning and expression of the complement receptor glycoprotein C from Herpesvirus simiae (herpes B virus): protection from complement-mediated cell l…
2003
Simian herpes B virus (SHBV) is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) homologue for the species MACACA: Unlike in its natural host, and unlike other animal herpesviruses, SHBV causes high mortality in accidentally infected humans. SHBV-infected cells, like those infected with HSV-1 and equine herpesvirus types 1 and 4, express complement C3 receptor activity. To study immunoregulatory functions involved in susceptibility/resistance against interspecies transmission, the SHBV glycoprotein C (gC(SHBV)) gene (encoding 467 aa) was isolated. Sequence analysis revealed amino acid identity with gC proteins from HSV-2 (46.9 %), HSV-1 (44.5 %) and pseudorabies virus (21.2 %). Highly conserved cysteine resi…
Dense Bodies of Human Cytomegalovirus Induce both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in the Absence of Viral Gene Expression
2000
ABSTRACTInfection of fibroblast cell cultures with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) leads to the production of significant amounts of defective enveloped particles, termed dense bodies (DB). These noninfectious structures contain major antigenic determinants which are responsible for induction of both the humoral and the cellular immune response against HCMV. We tested the hypothesis that, by virtue of their unique antigenic and structural properties, DB could induce a significant immune response in the absence of infectious virus. Mice were immunized with gradient-purified DB, which were either left untreated or subjected to sequential rounds of sonication and freeze-thawing to prevent cellula…
Alteration of nuclear (2'-5')oligoriboadenylate synthetase and nuclease activities preceding replication of human immunodeficiency virus in H9 cells.
1988
After infection of the respective target cells with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) viral progeny is produced only after a short temporary delay of some days, depending on cell type. After this period of time a sudden onset of HIV-1 protein synthesis with a dramatic increase in virus release occurs. (2'-5')Oligoriboadenylates [(2'-5')A], capable to activate a latent ribonuclease (RNase L) degrading both mRNA and rRNA, are known mediators involved in the early response of cells to virus infection. Here we show that the (2'-5')A-synthesizing (2'-5')A synthetase, which is inducible by interferon and activated by double-stranded RNA, as well as a (2'-5')A nuclease (2',3'-exoribonucleas…
Pre-stressed translucent panels made of innovative 3D glass components DSC-integrated, for safety and active building façades
2018
The widespread use of glazed envelopes, especially in high-rise buildings, is pushing building designers and researchers to the development of novel solutions for the improvement of their performance. At the University of Palermo, SBskin. Smart Building Skin s.r.l. (an innovative start up and academic spin off) is prototyping precast, pre- stressed and dry-assembled panels made of 3D glass subcomponents, able to reduce the energy consumption of buildings, to produce clean energy and to maintain high level of mechanical resistance against horizontal forces due to winds and earthquakes. The integration of glass subcomponents with third-generation PV technologies -Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells (…
Pathways of Cell Infection by Parvoviruses and Adeno-Associated Viruses
2004
Animal viruses have developed various strategies for infecting cells, and all begin with adsorption to cell surface receptors, penetration into the cytosol, uncoating or release of the viral genome, and targeting the genome and any required accessory proteins toward the correct cellular organelle or compartment for replication (26, 48, 63). Since genome delivery and release require the rearrangement of the viral structures, infection is normally a multistep process involving various viral and cellular components. Viruses that replicate in the nucleus must have mechanisms for transporting the genome and other components to the vicinity of the nuclear pore and into the nucleus (84). The endos…
Analyses of innovative glass blocks for BIPV: assessment of thermal and optical performance
2015
This paper illustrates the results of the performance analyses conducted on an innovative glass block integrated with thirdgeneration dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs), designed to enable the construction of translucent and sustainable building envelopes. The analyses include the simulation of both thermal and optical performance with regard to different configurations of the photovoltaic (PV)-integrated glass block, and the results obtained are presented using two different programs: Comsol Multiphysics and WINDOW. The configurations may differ – for example, because of the position of the module inside the glass block, the type of DSC module used (composition, transparency, design) and th…