Search results for " ExPEC"

Inflammation and Life-Span

2005

In their Review “Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans” (17 Sept., p. [1736][1]), C. E. Finch and E. M. Crimmins reinforce earlier suggestions that many diseases and disabilities of older age have their roots in previous exposures to infectious agents and other sources

A Naïve Sticky Information Model of Households’ Inflation Expectations

2009

This paper provides a simple epidemiology model where households, when forming their inflation expectations, rationally adopt the past release of inflation with certain probability rather than the forward-looking newspaper forecast as suggested in Carroll [2003, Macroeconomic Expectations of Households and Professional Forecasters, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 269-298]. The posterior model probabilities based on the Michigan survey data strongly support the proposed model. We also extend the agent-based epidemiology model by deriving for it a simple adaptation, which is suitable for estimation. Our results show that this model is able to capture the heterogeneity in households’ expe…

Interests Or Expectations?: A Political Economy Model Of The Credibility Of Exchange Rate Agreements

2008

Why do university students choose tourism degrees? Interests analysis and employ-ment expectations for students from Universitat de València

2019

Las expectativas del alumnado que determinan la elección de una titulación en Turismo condicionan sus conductas durante y después de sus estudios. Para identificar estas expectativas se realizó una encuesta al alumnado de Turismo de primer curso. Un análisis factorial nos ha permitido identificar los factores de mayor peso en la elección: Internacionalización, Expectativas de empleo, Emprendimiento, Importancia del sector e Interés por la titulación. Finalmente, se ha completado el estudio analizando sus expectativas sobre las salidas profesionales vinculadas al ámbito turístico. Interests that drive students to choose a Tourism degree will condition their behaviour in their studies and lat…

Channels through Which Human Capital Inequality Influences Economic Growth

2011

This paper empirically investigates the theoretical predictions of some of the channels through which human capital inequality may discourage investment and growth. In a cross section of countries over the period 1960–2000, findings reveal that, all other things being equal, a greater degree of human capital inequality increases fertility rates and reduces life expectancy, which in turn hampers the accumulation rates of human capital. This effect is reinforced in the countries where individuals find it difficult to access credit. Extensive sensitivity analyses show that the results are robust across specifications and are not driven by atypical observations, endogenous regressors, or unobse…

Private Pension Funds

2021

The sociodemographic situation in CEE, characterized by the reduction of birth rate and increased share of elderly, draws attention to national social protection systems and in particular to public pension systems. The direct link between the labor market and public pension systems, based on the principle of social solidarity between generations, runs the risk of diminishing budgetary resources obtained from social contributions, while spending on benefits will increase, due to a higher number of beneficiaries, as well as due to the increase in life expectancy, which will determine that the period for which the benefits will be provided will be longer.

β-Thalassemia heterozygote state detrimentally affects health expectation.

2018

Background: Thalassemia minor (Tm) individuals, are generally considered healthy. However, the prognosis of Tm individuals has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of Tm versus controls without β-thalassemia carrier state. Methods: A total of 26,006 individuals seeking thalassemia screening at the AOOR Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, Palermo (Italy) were retrospectively studied. Logistic penalised regression model was used to estimate risk of potential complications and survival techniques were used to study mortality. Results: We identified a total of 4943 Tm and 21,063 controls. Tm was associated with significantly higher risks of hospitalisation for …

Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

2020

Abstract Aims Long-term exposure of humans to air pollution enhances the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. A novel Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) has been derived from many cohort studies, providing much-improved coverage of the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We applied the GEMM to assess excess mortality attributable to ambient air pollution on a global scale and compare to other risk factors. Methods and results We used a data-informed atmospheric model to calculate worldwide exposure to PM2.5 and ozone pollution, which was combined with the GEMM to estimate disease-specific excess mortality and loss of life expectancy (LLE) in 2015. Using this model, …

Accelerated Aging and Age-Related Diseases (CVD and Neurological) due to Air Pollution and Traffic Noise Exposure

2021

The World Health Organization estimates that only approximately 25% of diversity in longevity is explained by genetic factors, while the other 75% is largely determined by interactions with the physical and social environments. Indeed, aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by a range of environmental, sociodemographic, and biopsychosocial factors, all of which might act in concert to determine the process of aging. The global average life expectancy increased fundamentally over the past century, toward an aging population, correlating with the development and onset of age-related diseases, mainly from cardiovascular and neurological nature. Therefore, the identification of de…

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2022

Correction to Lancet Public Health 2022; 7: e657-69. Lancet Public Health. 2022 Dec;7(12):e992. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00294-8. PMID: 36462522. Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolut…