Search results for " Fat"

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Anxiety and Depression.

2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), depression, and anxiety disorders are frequent diseases, and data on mutual influence are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of depression and anxiety in a large primary care cohort in Germany and to study the impact of NAFLD over a 10‐year time frame. Patients with NAFLD diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were matched to a cohort without NAFLD controlling for age, sex, physician, index year, and Charlson comorbidity index. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of depression, anxiety, and first prescription of antidepressant drugs. We compared 19,871 patients with NAFLD to 19,871 matched controls. Within 10 ye…

Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Cortisol transport through MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood-brain barrier in vitro model.

2011

Abstract Transport across the blood–brain barrier is a relevant factor in the pharmacological action of many drugs and endogenous substances whose action site is located in brain. An overactive P-gp has been suggested to be of relevance for the resistance of the HPA system to be suppressed by glucocorticoids, which is one of the best described biological abnormalities in certain types of depression. PUFA acids have shown clinical efficacy in depressed patients and the hypothesis is that these compounds are able to reduce HPA axis activity as this effect has been shown in animal models of depression. The objective of the present work was (1) to characterize Cortisol transport through MDCK an…

Brains burning fat: Different forms of energy metabolism in the CNS of insects

1983

Leisure-time physical activity and intra-abdominal fat in young adulthood: A monozygotic co-twin control study

2016

Objective To investigate differences in abdominal fat compartments between young adult monozygotic twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity. Methods Ten young adult male monozygotic twin pairs (age range 32-36 years) discordant for leisure-time physical activity during the past 3 years were systematically selected from a population-based Finnish twin cohort. Magnetic resonance image at the level of the L2-L3 intervertebral disc was used to predict intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat masses. Dietary intake was assessed with a 4-day food diary. Results Inactive twins had 31% more intra-abdominal fat than their active co-twins (mean difference 0.52 kg, 95% CI 0.12 to…

Consequences of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency on retinal function and intraocular pressure in the rat

2009

Purpose Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3) are key components in nervous structures but their dietary intakes in the overall population are often below nutritional requirements. A chronic deficiency in ω3 is recognized to be associated with functional impairment of the retina. At the opposite, ω3 supplementation is associated with a reduced risk for AMD. The consequences of ω3 deficiency on other eye structures than the retina, such as ciliary bodies, are scarce. The purpose of our study was to compare the response of the retina and ciliary bodies to dietary ω3 deficiency in terms of fatty acid profile and eye functionality. Methods Two successive generations of Lewis rats (G1 and G2)…

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma

2014

Abstract Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Estimations predict that nearly 80 million people will be affected by the disease in 2020. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) has been recognized as a major risk factor for developing glaucoma. Although IOP-lowering agents have been shown to be effective for decreasing the progression of glaucoma, extensive research has been done to identify modifiable lifestyle factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Among these factors, dietary lipids and particularly dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a promising approach. The aim of this chapter is to summarize t…

The Effects of Restriction Pressures on the Acute Responses to Blood Flow Restriction Exercise

2019

Purpose: No current guidelines or recommendations exist informing the selection of restriction pressure during blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE). Moreover, the effects of specific relative restriction pressures on the acute muscle, metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to BFRE are unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize these acute responses at different levels of restriction pressure. Methods: Participants (n = 10) completed rhythmic isometric knee extension exercise across five experimental trials in a balanced randomized order. Three were BFRE trials {B-40 [restriction pressure set to 40% LOP (total limb occlusion pressure)]; B-60 (60% LOP); and B-80 (80% LOP)) with…

Microscopic Endonasal Surgery for Repair of CSF Leaks

1993

This manuscript will detail our experience using a microscopic endonasal surgery (MES) approach in the repair of spontaneous, traumatic, and/or iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula into the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The location of the fistula in 22 patients was determined by a direct endoscopic or microscopic visualization, intrathecal fluorescein, or computed tomography (CT) with metrizamide. Several of these patients had been treated unsuccessfully with previous neurosurgical, intracranial, and extracranial approaches to stop the leak. The CSF fistulas in all these patients were repaired with a MES approach, packing the leak with either a septal mucosal graft, or abdominal f…

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis: The present and the future

2008

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the clinical hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is around 20-30%, and with a rapid increase in the metabolic risk factors in the general population, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. A fraction (20-30%) of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients develop a potentially progressive hepatic disorder, namely non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, leading to end-stage liver disease. The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not entirely understood, and even if insulin resistance is a major pathogenetic key, many other factors are im…

Evidence-based medicine and the problem of healthy volunteers

2017

Abstract Healthy controls are subjects without the disease being studied but may have other conditions indirectly affecting outcome. In the present epidemics of obesity a few subjects with undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease enter clinical studies as controls, producing biased results. Stricter selection criteria should be considered to prevent this risk.