Search results for " GAP"
showing 10 items of 811 documents
What drives future business leaders? How work values and gender shape young adults' entrepreneurial and leadership aspirations
2018
Who wants to become a business leader? We investigated whether young adults' work values (i.e., the importance placed on different job characteristics and rewards) predict their entrepreneurial aspirations (i.e., the intention to create a venture) and leadership aspirations (i.e., the intention to become a leader in a business context). Furthermore, we illuminated whether gender differences in work values contribute to the pervasive gender gap in these aspirations. Analyses in a sample of young adults from Finland (N = 1138) revealed that a higher importance placed on extrinsic rewards and a lower importance placed on security at age 21 predicted higher entrepreneurial and leadership aspira…
Dicyclopentaannelated Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with a Singlet Biradical Ground State
2021
Abstract Synthesis of two dicyclopentaannelated hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (PHBC) regioisomers was carried out, using nonplanar oligoaryl precursors with fluorenyl groups: mPHBC 8 with two pentagons in the “meta”‐configuration was obtained as a stable molecule, while its structural isomer with the “para”‐configuration, pPHBC 16, could be generated and characterized only in situ due to its high chemical reactivity. Both PHBCs exhibit low energy gaps, as reflected by UV‐vis‐NIR absorption and electrochemical measurements. They also show open‐shell singlet ground states according to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The use of…
Thermalization of hot electrons via interfacial electron-magnon interaction
2019
Recent work on layered structures of superconductors (S) or normal metals (N) in contact with ferromagnetic insulators (FI) has shown how the properties of the previous can be strongly affected by the magnetic proximity effect due to the static FI magnetization. Here we show that such structures can also exhibit a new electron thermalization mechanism due to the coupling of electrons with the dynamic magnetization, i.e., magnons in FI. We here study the heat flow between the two systems and find that in thin films the heat conductance due to the interfacial electron-magnon collisions can dominate over the well-known electron-phonon coupling below a certain characteristic temperature that ca…
A novel improved matlab-based software for the electric and magnetic analysis and design of rotating electrical machines
2015
The aim of this paper is to present a software for the analysis and design of windings of rotating electrical machines, considering both the electric and the magnetic specifications on the machine. The considered machines are induction motors (IM) and PM synchronous motors (PMSM). The software accounts for the case of buried magnets (IPMSM), but with some limits, because the calculations require a much more detailed analysis regarding the magnetic circuit. However, this initial limitation of the software, that will be removed in a later version, does not constitute a major limitation as confirmed by the examples presented in this paper.
A study of male and female managers between economic sectors of Latvia using EU-SILC survey
2020
Gender pay difference has been a widely recognized issue worldwide and one of the most popular research topics between various researchers, as there is still a relatively low share of women representing roles in senior management. The aim of this study is to analyse recent scientific findings on wage gap between male and female managers, and to explore possible occupation segregation in Latvia, as well as employment differences between male and female managers in the context of economic sectors and salary levels. Research methods used to prepare this particular study are analysis of the following: scientific publications, statistical data obtained from the database of European Union Statist…
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION AMONG FOREIGNERS IN ITALY
2014
In all European countries, migrant populations tend to have worse living conditions than native; this is particularly true for those born outside the EU. This paper proposes a new way to look at the relative living conditions of foreigners by looking at non-monetary (or ‘direct’) indicators of material deprivation in Italy-a country characterized by the presence of a wide range of nationalities. To examine differences in economic integration of foreigners, the paper documents deprivation differentials across groups of foreigners. In particular, we measure differences in material deprivation between groups of foreigners once we control for the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of…
The Well-Being Gap during the Great Recession: The Role of Growth and Institutions
2020
The purpose of this paper is to examine the well-being dynamics across European countries during the Great Recession and to investigate the potential role of the quality of formal institutions in mitigating the negative effect of the economic downturn. This study uses the club convergence methodology by Phillips and Sul (2007; 2009) to group EU-28 countries that present similar features in terms of well-being during the period 2005-2017. The study also applies probit models to investigate the potential role of several social and institutional characteristics that are supposed to affect subjective well-being levels. The results show the existence of a “well-being gap” among European countrie…
Why do boys and girls perform differently on PISA Reading in Finland? The effects of reading fluency, achievement behaviour, leisure reading and home…
2017
The present study examined gender gap in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) Reading and mediators of the gender gap in a Finnish sample (n = 1,309). We examined whether the gender gap in PISA Reading performance can be understood via the effects of reading fluency, achievement behaviour (mastery orientation and task-avoidant behaviour) or the amount of time spent with leisure reading and homework. Girls outperformed boys in all measures except for achievement behaviour. The models explaining PISA Reading were not different: For boys and girls, reading fluency, mastery orientation, leisure book reading and homework explained the variance in PISA Reading scores. The gender ef…
Potentially Detrimental Effects of Hyperosmolality in Patients Treated for Traumatic Brain Injury
2021
Hyperosmotic therapy is commonly used to treat intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury patients. Unfortunately, hyperosmolality also affects other organs. An increase in plasma osmolality may impair kidney, cardiac, and immune function, and increase blood–brain barrier permeability. These effects are related not only to the type of hyperosmotic agents, but also to the level of hyperosmolality. The commonly recommended osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg H2O seems to be the maximum level, although an increase in plasma osmolality above 310 mOsm/kg H2O may already induce cardiac and immune system disorders. The present review focuses on the adverse effects of hyperosmolality on the function…
Assessment of the health care system functioning in Poland in light of the analysis of the indicators of the hospital emergency department (ED) and p…
2019
Background In the last three decades, in developed countries, the number of patients reporting to hospital emergency departments has dramatically increased. The number of visits to EDs can be an important indicator of the quality of primary health care. Objectives To analyse: 1) the frequency of admissions to EDs, 2) the type and number of medical procedures performed in EDs, and 3) the type and number of services provided by PHC in the Kedzierzyn-Kozle district. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of the statistical data regarding services provided by PHC in the Kedzierzyn-Kozle district within the National Health Fund (NHF) and data from the hospital emergency department in Kedz…