Search results for " Gradient"

showing 10 items of 575 documents

Studies on sea urchin oocytes. II. Synthesis of RNA during oogenesis.

1972

Abstract Isolated oocytes of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus actively incorporate 3H-uridine into RNA. Labeled RNA was analysed by sucrose gradient and acrylamide gel electrophoresis following cell fractionation. Much of the radioactivity is incorporated at the nucleolar level in the form of rRNA precursors. The kinetics of maturation of these latter suggests that this occurs at a slower rate than during embryogenesis. Other non-nucleolar RNA classes are also actively labelled and retained in the nucleus for many hours. These results are confirmed by an autoradiographic investigation.

SucroseTime FactorsBiologyCell FractionationTritiumOogenesisParacentrotus lividusbiology.animalBotanyCentrifugation Density GradientAnimalsPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresisSea urchinUridineOvumCell NucleusHistocytochemistryEmbryogenesisRNACell BiologyRibosomal RNAbiology.organism_classificationElectrophoresis DiscMolecular WeightBiochemistryRNA RibosomalSea UrchinsAutoradiographyRNAFemaleCell fractionationCell NucleolusExperimental cell research
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Echovirus 1 Endocytosis into Caveosomes Requires Lipid Rafts, Dynamin II, and Signaling EventsV⃞

2004

Binding of echovirus 1 (EV1, a nonenveloped RNA virus) to the α2β1 integrin on the cell surface is followed by endocytic internalization of the virus together with the receptor. Here, video-enhanced live microscopy revealed the rapid uptake of fluorescently labeled EV1 into mobile, intracellular structures, positive for green fluorescent protein-tagged caveolin-1. Partial colocalization of EV1 with SV40 (SV40) and cholera toxin, known to traffic via caveosomes, demonstrated that the vesicles were caveosomes. The initiation of EV1 infection was dependent on dynamin II, cholesterol, and protein phosphorylation events. Brefeldin A, a drug that prevents SV40 transport, blocked the EV1 infection…

SucroseTime FactorsvirusesEndocytic cycleDynamin IIchemistry.chemical_compoundDynamin IIPhosphorylationInternalizationCytoskeletonIn Situ HybridizationIn Situ Hybridization Fluorescencemedia_commonGenes Dominant0303 health sciencesMicroscopy Videobiology030302 biochemistry & molecular biologyArticlesBrefeldin AEndocytosisCell biologyEnterovirus B HumanCholesterolRNA ViralElectrophoresis Polyacrylamide GelProtein BindingSignal TransductionCholera Toxinmedia_common.quotation_subjectIntegrinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsImmunoblottingEndocytosisTransfectionCell Line03 medical and health sciencesCapsidMembrane MicrodomainsViral entryCentrifugation Density GradientAnimalsMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologyBinding SitesBrefeldin ACell MembraneCell BiologyKineticschemistryViral replicationMicroscopy Fluorescencebiology.protein
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Chromospheric evaporation and phase mixing of Alfvén waves in coronal loops

2020

Phase mixing of Alfv\'en waves has been studied extensively as a possible coronal heating mechanism but without the full thermodynamic consequences considered self-consistently. It has been argued that in some cases, the thermodynamic feedback of the heating could substantially affect the transverse density gradient and even inhibit the phase mixing process. In this paper, we use MHD simulations with the appropriate thermodynamical terms included to quantify the evaporation following heating by phase mixing of Alfv\'en waves in a coronal loop and the effect of this evaporation on the transverse density profile. The numerical simulations were performed using the Lare2D code. We set up a 2D l…

Sun: generalatmosphere [Sun]Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)corona [Sun]010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesDensity gradientThermodynamic equilibriumT-NDASEvaporationAstrophysics01 natural sciencesAlfvén wave0103 physical sciencesgeneral [Sun]QB AstronomyAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSun: oscillations010303 astronomy & astrophysicsQCQB0105 earth and related environmental sciencesPhysicsSun: coronaoscillations [Sun]Astronomy and AstrophysicsMechanicsCoronal loopDissipationTransverse planeQC PhysicsAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpace and Planetary SciencePhysics::Space PhysicsWavesMagnetohydrodynamicsBDCSun: atmosphere
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Measurement and dephasing of a flux qubit due to heat currents

2013

We study a flux qubit, made of a superconducting loop interrupted by three Josephson junctions, which is subject to a temperature gradient. We show that the heat current induced by the temperature gradient, being sensitive to the superconducting phase differences at the junctions, depends significantly on the state of the qubit. We furthermore investigate the impact of the heat current on the coherence properties of the qubit state. We have found that even small temperature gradients can lead to dephasing times of the order of microseconds for the Delft-qubit design.

SuperconductivityJosephson effectPhysicsFlux qubitQuantum PhysicsHeat currentCondensed matter physicsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsDephasingGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesQuantum PhysicsSettore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaTemperature gradientComputer Science::Emerging TechnologiesSUPERCONDUCTIVITY QUBIT THERMAL CURRENT THERMAL DEPHASINGQubitCondensed Matter::SuperconductivityMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)Quantum Physics (quant-ph)Coherence (physics)
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Classification of SD-OCT volumes with multi pyramids, LBP and HOG descriptors: application to DME detections.

2016

This paper deals with the automated detection of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes. Our method considers a generic classification pipeline with preprocessing for noise removal and flattening of each B-Scan. Features such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Patterns (LBP) are extracted and combined to create a set of different feature vectors which are fed to a linear-Support Vector Machines (SVM) Classifier. Experimental results show a promising sensitivity/specificity of 0.75/0.87 on a challenging dataset.

Support Vector Machinegenetic structuresDatabases FactualComputer science[INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging02 engineering and technology[ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing[ INFO.INFO-CV ] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]01 natural sciences[INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringImage Processing Computer-AssistedSegmentationComputer visionmedicine.diagnostic_test[ INFO.INFO-IM ] Computer Science [cs]/Medical ImagingDiabetic retinopathyHistogram of oriented gradientsmedicine.anatomical_structure020201 artificial intelligence & image processing[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processingTomography Optical CoherenceLocal binary patternsFeature vectorDiabetic macular edemaFeature extractionComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONImage processingSensitivity and SpecificityMacular Edema010309 opticsOptical coherence tomographyHistogram0103 physical sciencesmedicine[INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical ImagingHumansMacular edema[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processingRetinaDiabetic Retinopathybusiness.industry[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV]Pattern recognitionImage segmentationmedicine.diseaseeye diseasesSupport vector machineComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITIONsense organsArtificial intelligencebusinessAnnual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
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Space partitioning of exchange-correlation functionals with the projector augmented-wave method

2018

We implement a Becke fuzzy cells type space partitioning scheme for the purposes of exchange-correlation within the GPAW projector augmented-wave method based density functional theory code. Space partitioning is needed in the situation where one needs to treat different parts of a combined system with different exchange-correlation functionals. For example, bulk and surface regions of a system could be treated with functionals that are specifically designed to capture the distinct physics of those regions. Here, we use the space partitioning scheme to implement the quasi-nonuniform exchange-correlation scheme, which is a useful practical approach for calculating metallic alloys on the gene…

Surface (mathematics)Correctnessprojector augmented wave methodFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and Astronomy010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesFuzzy logiclaw.inventionSet (abstract data type)alloyslaw0103 physical sciencesmetalliseoksetPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySpace partitioningta116density functional theoryPhysicsCondensed Matter - Materials Scienceta114010304 chemical physicsgeneralized gradient approximationsPartitions (building)tiheysfunktionaaliteoriaMaterials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)0104 chemical sciencesexchange correlation functionalsProjectorVoronoi diagramsDensity functional theoryProjector augmented wave methodDensity functional theoryapproksimointiAlgorithmThe Journal of Chemical Physics
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Magnetically actuated micropatterns for switchable wettability.

2014

Arrays of actuated magnetic micropillars that can be tilted, twisted, and rotated in the presence of a magnetic field gradient were obtained. The type and extent of the movements are dependent on the distribution (isotropic, anisotropic) of the magnetizable particles inside the pillars and the strength and the direction of the magnetic field gradient. Independent motion of groups of pillars in the same or opposite directions or homogeneous motion of the whole pattern has been realized. Changing the pattern geometry causes changes in the roll-off angle (ROA) of water droplets on the surface. We show magnetically induced changes in the ROA and direction-dependent ROAs as a consequence of the …

Surface (mathematics)Materials scienceCondensed matter physicsbusiness.industryIsotropyIndependent motionMagnetic field gradientPhysics::Fluid DynamicsOpticsHomogeneousGeneral Materials ScienceWettingbusinessAnisotropyACS applied materialsinterfaces
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Effect of H Adsorption on the Magnetic Properties of an Fe Island on a W(110) Surface

2019

<p>Low-dimensional materials, such as ultrathin films, nanoislands and wires, are actively being researched due to their interesting magnetic properties and possible technological applications for example in high density data storage. Results of calculations of an Fe nanoisland on a W(110) support are presented here with particular focus on the effect of hydrogen adsorption on its magnetic properties. This is an important consideration since hydrogen is present even under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The calculations are based on density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. The adsorption of H atoms is found to strongly decrease the magnetic moment of the …

Surface (mathematics)magneettiset ominaisuudetMaterials scienceHydrogenMagnetismchemistry.chemical_elementHigh density02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesHydrogen adsorptionGeneralized gradientCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceAdsorptionnanorakenteet0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsMagnetic momentCondensed matter physics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyelectronic structurechemistryChemical physicsfirst-principles calculationsmagnetismDensity functional theory0210 nano-technology
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Surface Reflectance: An Optical Method for Multiscale Curvature Characterization of Wear on Ceramic–Metal Composites

2020

Surface gradient characterization by light reflectance (SGCLR) is used for the first time for multiscale curvature calculations and discrimination of worn surfaces on six damaged ceramic&ndash

Surface (mathematics)wearMaterials scienceSurface gradient02 engineering and technologySurface finishCurvaturelcsh:TechnologyArticle[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials0203 mechanical engineeringBand-pass filterpeak curvatureGeneral Materials ScienceCeramicComposite materialmetal matrix compositelcsh:Microscopylcsh:QC120-168.85roughnessreflectance transformation imagingmodellcsh:QH201-278.5lcsh:TMetal matrix composite021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCharacterization (materials science)020303 mechanical engineering & transportslcsh:TA1-2040fracturevisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_medium[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanicslcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering0210 nano-technologylcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)lcsh:TK1-9971
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Thirty years of synaptosome research.

1993

Detached synapses (synaptosomes), first isolated by the author in 1958 and identified as such in 1960, are sealed presynaptic nerve terminals often with a portion of the target cell--sometimes amounting to a complete dendritic spine--adhering to their external surface. They can be prepared in high yield from brain tissue and also in decreasing yield from spinal cord, retina, sympathetic ganglia, myenteric plexus and electric organs. They are sealed structures which, under metabolizing conditions, respire, take up oxygen and glucose, extrude Na+, accumulate K+, maintain a normal membrane potential and, on depolarization, release transmitter in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. They thus provide an …

SynaptosomeNervous systemMembrane potentialNeurotransmitter AgentsHistologyDendritic spineGeneral NeuroscienceResearchModels NeurologicalDepolarizationCell BiologyBiologySynaptic vesicleSynapsemedicine.anatomical_structureSynapsesmedicineBiophysicsCentrifugation Density GradientAnimalsAnatomyNeuroscienceMyenteric plexusSynaptosomesJournal of neurocytology
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