Search results for " Gradient"

Overview of Prognostic Systems for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and ITA.LI.CA External Validation of MESH and CNLC Classifications

2021

Simple Summary This review proposes a comprehensive overview of the main prognostic systems for HCC classified as prognostic scores, staging systems, or combined systems. Prognostic systems for HCC are usually compared in terms of homogeneity, monotonicity of gradients, and discrimination ability. However, despite the great number of published studies comparing HCC prognostic systems, it is rather difficult to identify a system that could be universally accepted as the best prognostic scheme for all HCC patients encountered in clinical practice. In order to give a contribute in this topic, we conducted a study aimed at externally validate the MESH score and the CNLC classification using the…

Pressurized flow electrochromatography with reversed phase capillary columns

1995

Pressurized flow electrochromatography (PEC) is a hybrid of capillary LC and capillary electroendosmotic chromatography (CEC). Both a pressure gradient and an electric field are applied across a packed capillary. The feasability of a simple, easy to handle PEC instrumentation is demonstrated. Home made capillary columns with four different silica-based reversed phase packings have been operated under PEC conditions separating non ionic and ionic low molecular weight analytes. The capillary columns have been characterized with respect to their separation efficiency and selectivity and the results have been compared to those obtained with the purely pressure driven system. An electrochromatog…

Understanding Degassing Pathways Along the 1886 Tarawera (New Zealand) Volcanic Fissure by Combining Soil and Lake CO2 Fluxes

2019

CO2 flux measurements are often used to monitor volcanic systems, understand the cause of volcanic unrest, and map sub-surface structures. Currently, such measurements are incomplete at Tarawera (New Zealand), which erupted with little warning in 1886 and produced a ∼17 km long fissure. We combine new soil CO2 flux and C isotope measurements of Tarawera with previous data from Rotomahana and Waimangu (regions also along the 1886 fissure) to fingerprint the CO2 source, understand the current pathways for degassing, quantify the CO2 released along the entire fissure, and provide a baseline survey. The total CO2 emissions from the fissure are 1227 t⋅d–1 (742–3398 t⋅d–1 90 % confidence interval…

A note on the higher order strain and stress tensors within deformation gradient elasticity theories: Physical interpretations and comparisons

2016

Abstract Higher order strain and stress tensors encompassed within gradient elasticity theories are discussed with a particular concern to the physical meaning of double and triple stresses. A single rule is shown to hold for the physical interpretation of the indices of a higher order stress tensor both within distortion gradient and strain gradient theories, whereas the analogous Mindlin’s rule holds only within distortion gradient theories. Double and triple stresses are discussed separately with the aid of simple illustrative examples. A corrigendum to a previous paper by the author (IJSS 50 (2013) 3749–3765) is also presented.

Electrophoresis of Unlabeled Proteins in a Sequencing Gel Apparatus

2000

Evidence for a selective and electroneutral K+/H+-exchange in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using plasma membrane vesicles

1996

The existence of a K+/H+ transport system in plasma membrane vesicles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is demonstrated using fluorimetric monitoring of proton fluxes across vesicles (ACMA fluorescence quenching). Plasma membrane vesicles used for this study were obtained by a purification/reconstitution protocol based on differential and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugations followed by an octylglucoside dilution/gel filtration procedure. This method produces a high percentage of tightly-sealed inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. In these vesicles, the K+/H+ transport system, which is able to catalyse both K+ influx and efflux, is mainly driven by the K+ transmembrane gradient and ca…

Characterization of Endocytic Components of Liver Nonparenchymal Cells

1993

Liver is made up of at least five important cell types: hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, pit cells, and fat-storing cells. These cells have been broadly classified into two groups: parenchymal cells, or the hepatocytes which comprise almost 65% of the liver cells (Miyai, 1979), and nonparenchymal cells, to which all the other cell types belong.

Elaboration of metal / ceramic functionally graded materials by SPS for ballistic protection

2016

The objective is to improve ballistic performance of armors. A perfect armor combines ductility to resistto the impact and high hardness to stop projectile’s fragments. However, such an association of properties is inconsistent witha single material. The solution is to perform a functionally graded material (FGM) with a ductile metal at the back side of thesample and a hard ceramic on the top side. Non-conventional technologies like Spark Plasma Sintering allow joining orsintering all types of materials with different and additional properties. Furthermore, with this technique, high heating ratescan be achieved, limiting grain growth and resulting in a fine microstructure. The goal is to st…

Flows and mixing in channels with misaligned superhydrophobic walls.

2014

Aligned superhydrophobic surfaces with the same texture orientation reduce drag in the channel and generate secondary flows transverse to the direction of the applied pressure gradient. Here we show that a transverse shear can be easily generated by using superhydrophobic channels with misaligned textured surfaces. We propose a general theoretical approach to quantify this transverse flow by introducing the concept of an effective shear tensor. To illustrate its use, we present approximate theoretical solutions and Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations for striped superhydrophobic channels. Our results demonstrate that the transverse shear leads to complex flow patterns, which provide a…

Modelling the Reverse ElectroDialysis process with seawater and concentrated brines

2012

Technologies for the exploitation of renewable energies have been dramatically increasing in number, complexity and type of source adopted. Among the others, the use of saline gradient power is one of the latest emerging possibilities, related to the use of the osmotic/chemical potential energy of concentrated saline solutions. Nowadays, the fate of this renewable energy source is intrinsically linked to the development of the pressure retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis technologies. In the latter, the different concentrations of two saline solutions is used as a driving force for the direct production of electricity within a stack very similar to the conventional electrodialysis …