Search results for " Humidity"
showing 10 items of 178 documents
In-soil radon anomalies as precursors of earthquakes: A case study in the SE slope of Mt. Etna in a period of quite stable weather conditions
2012
In-soil radon concentrations as well as climatic parameters (temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity) were collected in St. Venerina (Eastern Sicily - Italy) from March 19th to May 22nd 2009, close to an active fault system called Timpe Fault System (TFS), which is strictly linked to the geodynamics of Mt. Etna. During the monitoring period no drastic climatic variations were observed and, on the other hand, important seismic events were recorded close to the monitoring site. A seismic swarm composed of 5 earthquakes was observed in the Milo area on March 25th (M-max = 2.7) at just 5.1 km from the site, and on May 13th an earthquake of 3.6 magnitude was recorded in the terri…
Evaluation of in-farm versus weather station data for use as heat stress indicator in dairy sheep
2005
AbstractHeat stress is a limiting factor in dairy production in hot climates impairing growth, milk production and reproduction. The most widely investigated climatic factors related with heat stress are: air temperature and relative humidity. Previously dairy sheep studies of heat tolerance depended on measurements of physiological functions on individual animals such as rectal temperatures, respiration rates or volumes of air inhaled; unfortunately, such measurements are costly and not feasible on a large scale. This study aims to evaluate in-farm (IF) versus weather station (WS) data to be used as heat stress indicator in dairy sheep. Data were collected in three farms in November 2002 t…
Quality of cactus pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.] fruit in relation to ripening time, CaCl2 pre-harvest sprays and storage conditions
1999
Abstract Post-harvest behaviour of summer and autumn ripening cactus pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Cactaceae) fruit cv. Gialla was investigated in relation to pre-harvest growing conditions, and CaCl 2 applications. Summer ripening cactus pear fruit were stored for 5 weeks at 6°C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH), and 3 days at 20°C, 75% RH to simulate a marketing period (SMP). Autumn ripening fruits were kept under the same conditions for 7 weeks plus a SMP. Summer ripening cactus pear fruit were more susceptible to chilling injury and to weight loss, but less sensitive to decay than autumn fruit. CaCl 2 delayed rind colour development and increased fruit resistance to decay but p…
The Effect of Fluctuating Temperature on the Stability of Turoctocog Alfa for Hemophilia A
2019
Abstract Background and objective Factor VIII (FVIII) is indicated for the prevention or treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A. FVIII product stability under high and fluctuating temperatures is important, particularly for patients who reside in, or travel to, regions with high ambient temperatures, as they may remove their product from the refrigerator and return it, unused, multiple times. We evaluated the effect of variable temperature storage conditions, including up to 40 °C, on the stability of the recombinant FVIII product, turoctocog alfa. Methods Turoctocog alfa dry powder stability was assessed when moved between storage conditions of 5 °C (ambient humidity) and 40 °…
Impacts of soil moisture content on simulated mesoscale circulations during the summer over eastern Spain
2015
Abstract The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) version 6.0 has been used to investigate the impact and influence of initial soil moisture distributions on mesoscale circulations. To do this, two different events have been selected from the 2011 summer season: one at the beginning of the season (June) and the other one at the end of the season (August). For each of these mesoscale frameworks a total of five distinct simulations were performed varying the initial soil moisture content: a control run and four additional sensitivity tests. The control run, corresponding to a low soil moisture content, is the one used within the real-time weather forecasting system implemented in the V…
Evaluation of Local Scale PM Pollution Levels in Typical Street Canyon in Riga
2013
The present study describes long term PM10 and PM2.5 changes in typical street canyon with particular emphasis on seasonal, diurnal variations in context with meteorological data. In order to understand PM10 pollution sources during 28 April 2007-31 December 2007, chemical composition measurements were done with particular emphasis on heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni, and Pb), crustal material (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) and anions (sulphates, nitrates, chlorides). Meteorological data used for this evolutional analysis were measured close to traffic related stations and several meteorological parameters were analyzed in relation to particulate measurements. Keep in mind that atmospheric aerosols are genera…
Isotope disequilibrium effects: The influence of evaporation and ventilation effects on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of speleothems – A …
2012
Abstract In order to improve the understanding of variations of speleothem δ18O and δ13C values in the context of palaeoclimate research, it is important to quantify the isotope fractionation processes influencing the δ18O and δ13C values of stalagmites. Here we present an extended version of speleothem stable isotope model that accounts for evaporation and condensation effects during precipitation of calcite. The ISOLUTION-model allows to calculate the effect of evaporation on δ18Ocalcite and δ13Ccalcite values in dependence on relative humidity and wind velocity. Our results reveal that evaporation may have a significant effect on δ18Ocalcite and δ13Ccalcite due to the loss of H2O from th…
Impact analysis of MPL and PEM thickness on temperature distribution within PEFC operating at relatively higher temperature
2020
Abstract In Japan, it is recommended to operate Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) at temperature around 90 °C for stationary applications during the period from 2020 to 2025. However, the present PEFC is using Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and operated within the temperature range from 60 °C to 80 °C. It is important to understand the temperature distribution in a cell of PEFC for improving the performance and to realize the long life span. This study focuses on use of micro porous layer (MPL), which can promote the moisture transfer in order to control the temperature distribution. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of MPL on temperature distribution at reaction …
Upper tropospheric water vapour and its interaction with cirrus clouds as seen from IAGOS long-term routine in-situ observations
2017
IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) performs long-term routinein situobservations of atmospheric chemical composition (O3, CO, NOx, NOy, CO2, CH4), water vapour, aerosols, clouds, and temperature on a global scale by operating compact instruments on board of passenger aircraft. The unique characteristics of the IAGOS data set originate from the global scale sampling on air traffic routes with similar instrumentation such that the observations are truly comparable and well suited for atmospheric research on a statistical basis. Here, we present the analysis of 15 months of simultaneous observations of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) and ice crystal number …
Affinity scale between a carrier and a drug in DPI studied by atomic force microscopy.
2002
The dry powder inhalers (DPIs) consist, in the most cases, of ordered mixture where the particles adhesion results of interactions between the drug and the carrier. Generally, one step of production process is the micronization of the drug particles in order to reduce the size for ordered mixing optimization. But this operation is known to partially create an amorphous surface. In this case, surrounding storage conditions, like relative humidity (RH), are able to modify the percentage of amorphous drug surface. The aim of this study was to investigate surface reactivity, surface energy and direct force measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) between lactose (carrier) and zanamivir (dr…