Search results for " IMMUNITY"

IAPs: more than just inhibitors of apoptosis proteins.

2008

Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a conserved family of proteins identified in species ranging from virus, yeasts, nematodes, fishes, flies and mammals. The common structural feature is the presence of at least one Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) domain. Hence, IAPs are also known as BIR-containing proteins (BIRCs). Most of them display anti-apoptotic properties when overexpressed. In drosophila, IAPs are sufficient and necessary to promote cell survival through a direct regulation of apoptotic proteases called caspases. In mammals, BIRC4/XIAP, the most studied IAP member can directly inhibit the activity of caspase-3, 7 and 9. However, this activity is not conserved in other IAPs an…

Hla-Bb,Dr3 Phenotype and the Antibody Response Against Epstein-Barr Virus

1993

Antibodies against the viral capsid antigen (VCA) and nuclear antigens (EBNAs) of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were determined in a sample of Sicilian population. A significant correlation was observed between HLA-BB,DR3 phenotype and reduced titres of antibodies to EBNAs, whereas HLA-BB,DR3 positive individuals displayed levels of antibodies to VCA comparable to those of HLA-BB,DR3 negative ones. These results further strenghten the suggestion that HLA-BB,DR3 positive subjects are low responders and that the depth of immune response depends on on the fashion of antigenic challenge.

Pathogenesis of polymyalgia rheumatica

2018

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, almost exclusively occurring in people aged over 50 and often associated with giant cell arteritis. The evidence that PMR occurs almost exclusively in individuals aged over 50 may indicate that age-related immune alterations in genetically predisposed subjects contribute to development of the disease. Several infectious agents have been investigated as possible triggers of PMR even though the results are inconclusive. Activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems has been proved in PMR patients as demonstrated by the activation of dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages and the altered balance betwee…

Regulation of Apoptosis by Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs).

2013

Abstract Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAPs) are a family of proteins with various biological functions including regulation of innate immunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis. They are characterized by the presence of at least one N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain involved in protein-protein interaction. Most of them also contain a C-terminal RING domain conferring an E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. In drosophila, IAPs are essential to ensure cell survival, preventing the uncontrolled activation of the apoptotic protease caspases. In mammals, IAPs can also regulate apoptosis through controlling caspase activity and caspase-activating platform format…

Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline

2015

International audience; Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial func…

Public health as a limit to the right to scientific research in the case of vaccines

2022

El auge del movimiento antivacunas en general, y las investigaciones y publicaciones científicas que desacreditan la vacunación en particular, representan una seria amenaza para la salud pública. Puesto que en nombre de estaúltima pueden limitarse derechos y libertades fundamentales, podría pensarse que, en nombre de la salud pública, podría limitarse también la investigación y difusión de material científico que cuestione la práctica de la vacunación. El objetivo de este artículo será comprobar si esa hipótesis es compatible con el actual régimen de derechos y libertades, y señalar el mejor modo de hacerfrente al discurso antivacunas. The boom of the anti-vaccine movement in general, and s…

Cryptogein signaling in tobacco: in search for nitric oxide targets

2013

Nitric oxide (NO) triggers various physiological responses in plants. Notably, NO is recognized to account for the response to biotic stresses. We previously reported that NO is produced in tobacco cells exposed to cryptogein, a 10 kDa elicitor secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea. To decipher the role of NO, we identified and characterized S-nitrosylated proteins in tobacco cell suspensions elicited by cryptogein. Several candidates were identified including the chaperone-like AAA+ATPase CDC48 and a calmodulin isoform (CaM). Interestingly, the Cys residue undergoing S-nitrosylation in CaM is located in the first Ca2+ binding EF hand and is not or poorly conserved in other organi…

Putative rhamnose-binding lectin in the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

2013

Consensus nomenclature for CD8(+) T cell phenotypes in cancer

2015

International audience; Whereas preclinical investigations and clinical studies have established that CD8+ T cells can profoundly affect cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Challenging the prevalent view that the beneficial effect of CD8+ T cells in cancer is solely attributable to their cytotoxic activity, several reports have indicated that the ability of CD8+ T cells to promote tumor regression is dependent on their cytokine secretion profile and their ability to self-renew. Evidence has also shown that the tumor microenvironment can disarm CD8+ T cell immunity, leading to the emergence of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. The existence of different types of CD8+ T…

Effects of Social Hierarchy Establishment on Stress Response and Cell Phagocytosis in Gilt-Head Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

2022

Social stress can affect the ability of fish to respond to various stressors, such as pathogens or environmental variations. In this paper, the effects of social stress on gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated. To study the effects of physiological stress, we evaluated biochemical and cellular parameters, such as cortisol, glucose, lactate, osmolarity, and phagocytosis, 24 h after the establishment of social hierarchy in a group of three fish. Social hierarchy was determined and characterized by behavioral observation (aggressive acts and feeding order) of the specimens (dominant: “α”; subordinate: “β” and “γ”). After the esta…