Search results for " Individual"

Mood-congruent bias and attention shifts in the different episodes of bipolar disorder

2013

An "affective" go/no-go task was used in the different episodes of bipolar patients (euthymic, depressed, and manic) to examine (1) the presence of a mood-congruent attentional bias; and (2) the patients' ability to inhibit and invert associations between stimuli and responses through blocks. A group of healthy individuals served as controls. Results revealed a mood-congruent attentional bias: patients in the manic episode processed positive information faster, whereas those in the depressive episode processed negative information faster. In contrast, neither euthymic patients nor healthy individuals showed any mood-congruent biases. Furthermore, there was a shift cost across blocks for hea…

Attention orienting and inhibitory control across the different mood states in bipolar disorder: An emotional antisaccade task

2013

An antisaccade experiment, using happy, sad, and neutral faces, was conducted to examine the effect of mood-congruent information on inhibitory control (antisaccade task) and attentional orienting (prosaccade task) during the different episodes of bipolar disorder (BD) - manic (n=22), depressive (n=25), and euthymic (n=24). A group of 28 healthy controls was also included. Results revealed that symptomatic patients committed more antisaccade errors than healthy individuals, especially with mood-congruent faces. The manic group committed more antisaccade errors in response to happy faces, while the depressed group tended to commit more antisaccade errors in response to sad faces. Additionall…

Motor recruitment during action observation: Effect of interindividual differences in action strategy

2020

Abstract Visual processing of other’s actions is supported by sensorimotor brain activations. Access to sensorimotor representations may, in principle, provide the top-down signal required to bias search and selection of critical visual features. For this to happen, it is necessary that a stable one-to-one mapping exists between observed kinematics and underlying motor commands. However, due to the inherent redundancy of the human musculoskeletal system, this is hardly the case for multijoint actions where everyone has his own moving style (individual motor signature—IMS). Here, we investigated the influence of subject’s IMS on subjects’ motor excitability during the observation of an actor…

Personality Variables as Predictors of Facebook Usage

2014

This study investigates the role of personality factors as predictors of Facebook usage. Data concerning Facebook usage and personality factors from 654 Facebook users were gathered using a web survey. Using path analysis, the results showed Openness was a predictor of Facebook early adoption, Conscientiousness with sparing use, Extraversion with long sessions and abundant friendships, and Neuroticism with high frequency of sessions. The possible role of Agreeableness in predicting low session frequency and friendships needs further validation.

Incongruence Between Implicit Attachment Schemes and Unconscious Attachment Representations.

2019

Assessments based on reaction time and language-based interviews postulate that unconscious attachment processes be measured. Nevertheless, a possible empirical equivalence of these two approaches has not yet been investigated. To fill this void, the Adult Attachment Interview and the Implicit Association Test were implemented with a group of patients with panic disorder (n = 157, mean age = 29, SD = 2.47) based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, axis I and II disorders and a group of healthy individuals (n = 138). In total, the securely attached individuals showed significantly more positive attitudes toward their mother than the insecurely attached individuals. In the health…

Electrophysiological parameters as biomarkers for psychiatry: Intra-individual variability and influencing factors.

2017

Urinary adiponectin excretion rises with increasing albuminuria in type 1 diabetes

2013

Urinary adiponectin (u-adiponectin) excretion has been suggested to reflect early glomerular damage. Inspired by this, we studied the levels of u-adiponectin in type 1 diabetic patients with different levels of urinary albumin excretion (UAE).U-adiponectin was analysed by ELISA in type 1 diabetic patients: Fifty-eight with normoalbuminuria (30mg albumin/24h), 43 with persistent microalbuminuria (30-300mg/24h) and 44 with persistent macroalbuminuria (300mg/24h). For comparison, a control group of 55 healthy individuals was included.U-adiponectin increased with increasing levels of UAE (p0.01). U-adiponectin median (interquartile range): Normoalbuminuria 0.38 (0.14-1.31), microalbuminuria 1.1…

Effect of exercise training on in vitro LDL oxidation and free radical-induced hemolysis: the HERITAGE Family Study.

2006

Oxidant stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative modifications of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are thought to play an early and critical role in atherogenesis. LDL oxidation can be reproduced in vitro, but results usually show a large interindividual variation not entirely explained by the environment. Free radical-induced hemolysis is also proposed to reveal the overall antioxidant capacity. The roles of genetic factors and exercise on the variability of both measures were investigated. The study was conducted in 146 healthy individuals from 28 families participating in a 20-week exercise-training progra…

Depression prevalence using the HADS-D compared to SCID major depression classification: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

2020

Objectives Validated diagnostic interviews are required to classify depression status and estimate prevalence of disorder, but screening tools are often used instead. We used individual participant data meta-analysis to compare prevalence based on standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – depression subscale (HADS-D) cutoffs of ≥8 and ≥11 versus Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression and determined if an alternative HADS-D cutoff could more accurately estimate prevalence. Methods We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (inception-July 11, 2016) for studies comparing HADS-D scores to SCID major…

Differential association of default mode network connectivity and rumination in healthy individuals and remitted MDD patients

2016

Rumination is associated with increased default-mode network (DMN) activity and functional connectivity (FC) in depressed and healthy individuals. In this study, we sought to examine the relationship between self-reported rumination and resting-state FC in the DMN and cognitive control networks in 25 remitted depressed patients and 25 matched healthy controls using independent component and seed-based analyses. We also explored potential group differences in the global pattern of resting-state FC. Healthy subjects with increased levels of rumination exhibited increased anterior DMN connectivity with the posterior DMN and the dorsal attention network and low connectivity within the anterior …