Search results for " Inhibition"

showing 10 items of 435 documents

Author response: ON selectivity in the Drosophila visual system is a multisynaptic process involving both glutamatergic and GABAergic inhibition

2019

0303 health sciencesbiologyChemistrybiology.organism_classification03 medical and health sciencesGlutamatergic0302 clinical medicineGabaergic inhibitionDrosophila (subgenus)SelectivityNeuroscienceProcess (anatomy)030217 neurology & neurosurgery030304 developmental biology
researchProduct

A computational approach for the assessment of executive functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019

Previous studies on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed impairments in executive domains, particularly in cognitive inhibition. In this perspective, the use of virtual reality showed huge potential in the assessment of executive functions; however, unfortunately, to date, no study on the assessment of these patients took advantage of the use of virtual environments. One of the main problems faced within assessment protocols is the use of a limited number of variables and tools when tailoring a personalized program. The main aim of this study was to provide a heuristic decision tree for the future development of tailored assessment protocols. To this purpose, we conducted a study that…

050103 clinical psychologyDecision treeObsessive–compulsive disordersObsessive-compulsive disordersVirtual realityObsessive–compulsive disorderArticleVirtual realityExecutive functions03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCognitive assessmentSettore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia ClinicaSettore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.Decision treeMedicineComputational models0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesSettore MED/25 - PsichiatriaProtocol (science)Computational modelbusiness.industry05 social sciencesNeuropsychologySettore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaCognitive assessment; Computational models; Cross-validation; Decision tree; Executive functions; Multiple errands test; Obsessive-compulsive disorders; Virtual realityCross-validationGeneral MedicineExecutive functionsTest (assessment)computational modelCognitive inhibitionexecutive functionMultiple errands testObsessive–compulsive disorders; virtual reality; multiple errands test; cognitive assessment; executive functions; computational models; decision tree; cross-validationbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryCognitive psychology
researchProduct

Considering syntrophic acetate oxidation and ionic strength improves the performance of models for food waste anaerobic digestion.

2021

Current mechanistic anaerobic digestion (AD) models cannot accurately represent the underlying processes occurring during food waste (FW) AD. This work presents an update of the Anaerobic Digestion Model no. 1 (ADM1) to provide accurate estimations of free ammonia concentrations and related inhibition thresholds, and model syntrophic acetate oxidation as acetate-consuming pathway. A modified Davies equation predicted NH3 concentrations and pH more accurately, and better estimated associated inhibitory limits. Sensitivity analysis results showed the importance of accurate disintegration kinetics and volumetric mass transfer coefficients, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and hydrogen up…

ADM1Environmental EngineeringHydrogenchemistry.chemical_elementBioengineeringAcetatesModellingAmmoniachemistry.chemical_compoundBioreactorsMass transferAnaerobic digestionAnaerobiosisWaste Management and DisposalDavies equationchemistry.chemical_classificationAmmonia inhibitionRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentOsmolar ConcentrationSyntrophic acetate oxidationGeneral MedicineRefuse DisposalAnaerobic digestionFood wastechemistryIonic strengthFoodEnvironmental chemistryPropionateMethaneBioresource technology
researchProduct

Metabolic signatures across the full spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

2022

Funder: European Commission

ALTtype 2 diabetes mellitusROC receiving operator characteristicaspartate aminotransferaseHSDLDL low-density lipoproteinUHPLC ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographyROCHCCNon-alcoholic steatohepatitisGCPCANASHGastroenterology2-HB 2-hydroxybutanoic acid; 3-HB 3-hydroxybutanoic acid; ALT alanine aminotransferase; AST aspartate aminotransferase; CE cholesterol ester; Cer ceramide; FFA free fatty acid; FLIP Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progression; Fibrosis; GC gas chromatography; HCC hepatocellular carcinoma; HSD honest significant difference; LC lipid cluster; LDL low-density lipoprotein; LM lipid and metabolite; LMC lipid metabolite and clinical variable; LPC lysophosphatidylcholine; Lipidomics; Mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; NAFL non-alcoholic fatty liver; NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAS NASH activity score; NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NIDDK NASH-CRN National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney NASH Clinical Research Network; NRR non-rejection rate; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PC(O) ether PC; PC phosphatidylcholine; PCA principal component analysis; PE phosphatidylethanolamine; QTOFMS quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry; ROC receiving operator characteristic; SAF steatosis activity and fibrosis; SM sphingomyelin; T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG triacylglycerol; UHPLC ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographySAFSAF steatosis activity and fibrosisLM lipid and metabolitehonest significant differenceHSD honest significant differenceTG triacylglycerolnon-rejection ratecholesterol esterPCPEGC gas chromatographyfree fatty acidFLIPNASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitisNIDDK NASH-CRN National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney NASH Clinical Research NetworkBIOMARKERST2DMPE phosphatidylethanolamineLDLlipidNAFLDFFA free fatty acid2-HBMetabolomicsNAFL non-alcoholic fatty liverLMCphosphatidylcholineScience & TechnologySM sphingomyelinGastroenterology & HepatologyMass spectrometryactivitynutritional and metabolic diseasesT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusACIDSreceiving operator characteristicdigestive system diseasesquadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometryLC lipid clusterlow-density lipoproteinNAS2-HB 2-hydroxybutanoic acidNAS NASH activity scoreQTOFMSether PCNRRSCORING SYSTEMprincipal component analysisgas chromatographyLC2-hydroxybutanoic acidPROGRESSIONAST aspartate aminotransferaseLMPC phosphatidylcholinePC(O)MARKERSUHPLCsteatosisTOOLImmunology and AllergyINSULIN-RESISTANCECerSMFatty Liver Inhibition of Progressionhepatocellular carcinoma2-HB 2-hydroxybutanoic acid NIDDK NASH-CRN National Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney NASH Clinical Research Network NRR non-rejection rate Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis PC(O) ether PC PC phosphatidylcholine PCA principal component analysis PE phosphatidylethanolamine QTOFMS quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ROC receiving operator characteristic SAF steatosis activity and fibrosis SM T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus TG triacylglycerol UHPLC ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographyultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographyCELPC3-HBNAFLnon-alcoholic fatty liverTGtriacylglycerolNRR non-rejection rateLife Sciences & BiomedicineNAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseFLIP Fatty Liver Inhibition of Progressionalanine aminotransferasemetaboliteCer ceramideCE cholesterol estersphingomyelinlysophosphatidylcholineand fibrosisALT alanine aminotransferaseInternal MedicineceramideNational Institute of Digestive Diseases and Kidney NASH Clinical Research NetworkAST3-HB 3-hydroxybutanoic acidQTOFMS quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometryPCA principal component analysisLPC lysophosphatidylcholineHepatologynon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseand clinical variablePC(O) ether PC3-hydroxybutanoic acidFibrosisNASH activity scoreNIDDK NASH-CRNlipid clusterlipid and metabolitephosphatidylethanolamineLipidomicsLMC lipid metabolite and clinical variableFFAHCC hepatocellular carcinomaJHEP reports : innovation in hepatology
researchProduct

Influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid on baclofen intestinal absorption.

1994

Since previous studies suggested that baclofen absorption in the rat middle intestine was inhibited by beta-alanine and therefore mediated, at least in part, by the beta-aminoacid carrier, we focused our new studies on the analysis of the possible inhibition of the drug by a gamma-aminoacid model compound, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of GABA on baclofen absorption and to establish the inhibition model. Assays using isotonic perfusion solutions of 0.5 mM baclofen with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mM are reported. The results show that the absorption rate pseudoconstants of the drug decrease a…

Absorption (pharmacology)MaleBaclofenPharmaceutical ScienceIn Vitro TechniquesMichaelis–Menten kineticsAminobutyric acidModels BiologicalIntestinal absorptionchemistry.chemical_compoundNon-competitive inhibitionmedicineAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Rats WistarChromatography High Pressure Liquidgamma-Aminobutyric AcidPharmacologyGeneral MedicineMembrane transportSmall intestineRatsPerfusionBaclofenmedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemchemistryBiochemistryIntestinal AbsorptionBiophysicsBiopharmaceuticsdrug disposition
researchProduct

Partially competitive inhibition of intestinal baclofen absorption by beta-alanine, a nonessential dietary aminoacid.

1991

In situ intestinal absorption of baclofen in the rat in the presence of beta-alanine has been investigated. Through the perfusion of 0.50 mM baclofen solutions containing variable concentrations of the aminoacid (from 5 to 100 mM), a partially competitive inhibition of baclofen absorption was characterized: absorption rate pseudoconstants of the spasmolytic drug decrease as beta-alanine concentration increases, until a limiting value is obtained (36.8 per cent of that found for baclofen alone). A computer method was developed in order to calculate parameters governing baclofen absorption in the presence of beta-aminoacid, with the following results: Vm = 11.22 mM h-1; Km = 7.42 mM; Ki = 2.4…

Absorption (pharmacology)MaleBaclofenStereochemistryPharmaceutical Sciencebeta-AlanineMichaelis–Menten kineticsIntestinal absorptionchemistry.chemical_compoundNon-competitive inhibitionPharmacokineticsIntestine SmallAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Drug InteractionsPharmacologyChromatographyWaterRats Inbred StrainsGeneral MedicineRatsDietary aminoacidBaclofenchemistryIntestinal Absorptionbeta-AlanineBiopharmaceuticsdrug disposition
researchProduct

Intestinal absorption pathway of gamma-aminobutyric acid in rat small intestine.

1994

Intestinal absorption of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as a model compound for gamma-aminoacids, has not been extensively studied from the kinetic viewpoint. Since data from our laboratory suggested that some competition arises between intestinal absorption of beta-alanine and GABA and since our intent was to maintain the aqueous stagnant diffusion layer in order to approach absorption tests to in vivo physiological conditions, a rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to gain an insight into the mechanism of GABA absorption. In the present paper, results from assays using isotonic perfusion solutions with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 mM are reported. They s…

Absorption (pharmacology)MalePharmaceutical ScienceMichaelis–Menten kineticsAminobutyric acidIntestinal absorptionDiffusionNon-competitive inhibitionBody WaterIn vivoIntestine SmallmedicineAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Rats WistarChromatography High Pressure Liquidgamma-Aminobutyric AcidPharmacologyAlanineChemistryGeneral MedicineMembrane transportSmall intestineRatsmedicine.anatomical_structureSpectrometry FluorescenceBiochemistryIntestinal AbsorptionBiophysicsBiopharmaceuticsdrug disposition
researchProduct

Evidence of competitive inhibition for the intestinal absorption of baclofen by phenylalanine

1996

Abstract Previous studies showed that the absorption of the antispastic drug baclofen, in the rat middle intestine, is inhibited by β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and leucine. It was concluded that baclofen intestinal transport was mediated, at least in part, by the β-, γ- and α-amino acid carriers. We therefore focused our next studies on the analysis of the possible inhibition of drug absorption by an aromatic α-amino acid model compound, phenylalanine. An in situ study in the rat small intestine was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of phenylalanine on baclofen absorption and to establish the inhibition model. Assays using isotonic perfusion solutions of 0.5 mM baclofen w…

Absorption (pharmacology)medicine.drug_classChemistryPharmaceutical SciencePhenylalanineMuscle relaxantPharmacologyIntestinal absorptionchemistry.chemical_compoundBaclofenNon-competitive inhibitionnervous systemPharmacokineticsmedicineLeucineInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics
researchProduct

Purification and characterization of the catabolic ?-acetolactate synthase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris

1995

The α-acetolactate synthase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris was purified to homogeneity in SDS-PAGE. The enzyme is a trimer of 3×55,000 Da. It was unstable but could be preserved by addition of pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate in the buffer. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and Km for pyruvate is 10 mM. Three intermediates in glucose metabolism (ATP, 3-phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate) exhibit a noncompetitive inhibition towards the enzyme. This enzyme does not require any divalent metal ion for activity. The α-acetolactate synthase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris is not inhibited by the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and…

Acetolactate synthasebiologyATP synthaseGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationApplied Microbiology and BiotechnologyMicrobiologychemistry.chemical_compoundNon-competitive inhibitionchemistryBiochemistryBiosynthesisValineLeuconostoc mesenteroidesbiology.proteinIsoleucineThiamine pyrophosphateCurrent Microbiology
researchProduct

The relation between neuronal chloride transporter activities, GABA inhibition, and neuronal activity

2020

Abstract The intracellular chloride concentration [Cl−]i in neurons is regulated by a set of transmembrane transporters, with the Cl−-loader NKCC1 and the Cl−-extruder KCC2 as most relevant members. The expression of these transporters is tightly regulated, with the general trend that KCC2 expression is low in immature neurons, which are thus characterized by a high [Cl−]i. As [Cl−]i is the main factor determining the polarity of GABAergic responses, such a high [Cl−]i is related to depolarizing GABAergic responses. However, depolarizing GABAergic responses are not per se excitatory, but can also contribute to shunting inhibition. The excitatory/inhibitory action of GABAergic responses is m…

Action potentialChemistryBiophysicsExcitatory postsynaptic potentialPremovement neuronal activityGABAergicDepolarizationReversal potentialInhibitory postsynaptic potentialShunting inhibition
researchProduct