Search results for " Innate"
showing 10 items of 296 documents
Effect of Jasonia glutinosa on immune and oxidative status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.).
2020
Jasonia glutinosa (rock-tea, RT) has numerous biological activities. In the present work, the beneficial effects of dietary RT on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were studied. Fish fed experimental diets containing 0 (control), 10 or 30% of RT for 15 and 30 days. Samples from skin mucus, blood, head kidney, liver and gut were obtained at 15 and 30 days. The antioxidant properties from RT were analysed such as the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The heat shock protein 70 level (HSP70) and the total oxidized proteins were evaluated on skin mucus as stress markers. Immune parameters, both humoral (peroxidase activity, immunoglobulin M levels and complement activity) and cellula…
Double methylation of tRNA-U54 to 2′-O-methylthymidine (Tm) synergistically decreases immune response by Toll-like receptor 7
2018
Abstract Sensing of nucleic acids for molecular discrimination between self and non-self is a challenging task for the innate immune system. RNA acts as a potent stimulus for pattern recognition receptors including in particular human Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Certain RNA modifications limit potentially harmful self-recognition of endogenous RNA. Previous studies had identified the 2′-O-methylation of guanosine 18 (Gm18) within tRNAs as an antagonist of TLR7 leading to an impaired immune response. However, human tRNALys3 was non-stimulatory despite lacking Gm18. To identify the underlying molecular principle, interferon responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to differentia…
Wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors exacerbate intestinal and airway allergic immune responses in humanized mice.
2017
Background Amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) in wheat and related cereals are potent activators of myeloid innate immune cells via engagement of TLR4. Furthermore, ATIs have been shown to serve as adjuvants in experimental intestinal inflammatory diseases. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze whether ATIs are also modifiers of allergic inflammation. Methods Therefore, CD4 + T cells from donors sensitized to grass or birch pollen were stimulated with autologous allergen-pulsed dendritic cells in the presence or absence of ATIs or the control storage protein zein from corn. To analyze allergen-induced gut and lung inflammation, immunodeficient mice were engrafted with PBMCs from the…
Time for a “Plan B” in Peritoneal Metastatic Disease
2019
Abstract Peritoneal involvement in cancer is the harbinger of a particularly unfavorable prognosis. The peritoneal cavity microenvironment is skewed toward immunoregulatory conditions promoted by macrophage populations and innate-like B-1 B cells, which provide immune privilege to malignant cell foci. In this issue of Cancer Research, Haro and colleagues demonstrate that triggering innate IgM-mediated B-1a immune responses via pathogen- or danger-associated molecular pattern recognition exerts antitumor effects on peritoneal metastases by inducing classical complement cascade activation. Exploitation of innate B-1 humoral responses and noncellular immunity is a promising strategy to counter…
Epigenetic biomarkers for human sepsis and septic shock: insights from immunosuppression
2020
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body responds to an infection damaging its own tissues. Sepsis survivors sometimes suffer from immunosuppression increasing the risk of death. To our best knowledge, there is no ‘gold standard’ for defining immunosuppression except for a composite clinical end point. As the immune system is exposed to epigenetic changes during and after sepsis, research that focuses on identifying new biomarkers to detect septic patients with immunoparalysis could offer new epigenetic-based strategies to predict short- and long-term pathological events related to this life-threatening state. This review describes the most relevant epigenetic mecha…
Mast cells crosstalk with B cells in the gut and sustain IgA response in the inflamed intestine.
2021
B lymphocytes are among the cell types whose effector functions are modulated by mast cells (MCs). The B/MC crosstalk emerged in several pathological settings, notably the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is a privileged site in which MCs and IgA+ cells physically interact. Herein, by inducing conditional depletion of MCs in red MC and basophil (RMB) mice, we show that MCs control B cell distribution in the gut and IgA serum levels. Moreover, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated RMB mice, the presence of MCs is fundamental for the enlargement of the IgA+ population in the bowel and the increase of systemic IgA production. Since both conventional B-2 and peritoneal-deriv…
Mast cells within cellular networks
2018
Mast cells are highly versatile in terms of their mode of activation by a host of stimuli and their ability to flexibly release a plethora of biologically highly active mediators. Within the immune system, mast cells can best be designated as an active nexus interlinking innate and adaptive immunity. Here we try to draw an arc from initiation of acute inflammatory reactions to microbial pathogens to development of adaptive immunity and allergies. This multifaceted nature of mast cells is made possible by interaction with multiple cell types of immunologic and nonimmunologic origin. Examples for the former include neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and professional antigen-presenting cells. …
Innate lymphoid cells, precursors and plasticity
2016
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have only recently been recognized as a separate entity of the lymphoid lineage. Their subpopulations share common characteristics in terms of early development and major transcriptional circuitry with their related cousins of the T cell world. It is currently hypothesized that ILCs constitute an evolutionary older version of the lymphoid immune system. They are found at all primary entry points for pathogens such as mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal system, the skin and the liver, which is the central contact point for pathogens that breach the intestinal barrier and enter the circulation. There, ILC contribute to the first line defense as well a…
Polymeric hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A nanocapsules induce intrahepatic antigen-specific immune responses
2016
Targeting antigen combined with adjuvants to hepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is essential for the induction of intrahepatic T cellular immunity controlling and resolving viral infections of the liver. Intravenous injection of antigen-loaded nanoparticles is a promising approach for the delivery of antigens to liver APCs. Accordingly, polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) synthesized exclusively of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) and the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) adsorbed to the nanocapsule surface were developed. Aim of the present study was the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo behavior of MPLA-functionalized NS5A-NCs regarding the interaction with liver…
In the ovary of Ciona intestinalis (Type A), immune-related galectin and phenoloxidase genes are differentially expressed by the follicle accessory c…
2017
Abstract Riboprobes (in situ hybridization) and antibodies (immunohistochemistry), previously used to show the upregulation of Ciona intestinalis (Type A) galectins (CiLgals-a, CiLgals-b) and phenoloxidase (CinPO2) immune-related genes, were tested on histological sections of the ovary. The ovarian follicles are composed of oocytes encased by follicular cells (FCs) and test cells (TCs). Results show the transcription upregulation of both CiLgals and CinPO2 genes in the vitellogenic FCs, conversely distinct cytolocalization of the proteins are shown. At vitellogenic stage, the CiLgals are localized in the FCs, in the oocyte cytoplasm, and close to the germinal vesicle (GV), whereas the CinPO…