Search results for " LINEAGE"
showing 10 items of 153 documents
Identity, origin, and migration of peripheral glial cells in the Drosophila embryo.
2008
Glial cells are crucial for the proper development and function of the nervous system. In the Drosophila embryo, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system are generated both by central neuroblasts and sensory organ precursors. Most peripheral glial cells need to migrate along axonal projections of motor and sensory neurons to reach their final positions in the periphery. Here we studied the spatial and temporal pattern, the identity, the migration, and the origin of all peripheral glial cells in the truncal segments of wildtype embryos. The establishment of individual identities among these cells is reflected by the expression of a combinatorial code of molecular markers. This allows…
A new culturing strategy optimises Drosophila primary cell cultures for structural and functional analyses
2004
Abstract Neurons in primary cell cultures provide important experimental possibilities complementing or substituting those in the nervous system. However, Drosophila primary cell cultures have unfortunate limitations: they lack either a range of naturally occurring cell types, or of mature physiological properties. Here, we demonstrate a strategy which supports both aspects integrated in one culture: Initial culturing in conventional serum-supplemented Schneider's medium (SM 20K ) guarantees acquisition of all properties known from 30 years of work on cell type-specific differentiation in this medium. Through subsequent shift to newly developed active Schneider's medium (SM active ), neuron…
Characterization of neutrophil subsets in healthy human pregnancies
2014
We have previously shown that in successful pregnancies increased arginase activity is a mechanism that contributes to the suppression of the maternal immune system. We identified the main type of arginase-expressing cells as a population of activated low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in term placentae. In the present study, we analyzed the phenotype of LDGs and compared it to the phenotype of normal density granulocytes (NDGs) in maternal peripheral blood, placental biopsies and cord blood. Our data reveal that only LDGs but no NDGs could be detected in placental biopsies. Phenotypically, NDGs and LDGs from both maternal and cord blood expressed diff…
Presence of endothelial progenitor cells, distinct from mature endothelial cells, within human CD146+ blood cells.
2006
SummaryCD146 is an adhesion molecule present on endothelial cells throughout the vascular tree. CD146 is also expressed by circulating endothelial cells (CECs) widely considered to be mature endothelial cells detached from injured vessels. The discovery of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) originating from bone marrow prompted us to investigate whether CD146 circulating cells could also contains EPCs. We tested this hypothesis using an approach combining elimination of CECs by an adhesion step, followed by immunomagnetic sorting of remaining CD146+ cells from the non adherent fraction of cord blood mononuclear cells. When cultured under endothelial-promoting conditions, these …
Tenascin expression patterns and cells of monocyte lineage: relationship in human gliomas.
2000
Stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) components are thought to play an important role in regulating invasion of human gliomas. Macrophages and microglial cells may heavily influence the integrity of the extracellular compartment of gliomas, and the affected ECM may play a key role in regulating migratory activity of both tumor cells and macrophages/microglia. The aim of this investigation was to study immunohistochemically the expression patterns of four ECM components: fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, and tenascin (TN) in human gliomas, with special attention to TN. Our main goal was to study the possible correlation between TN expression and macrophagic/microglial infiltration in gliomas.…
Experimental inhibition of nitric oxide increases Plasmodium relictum (lineage SGS1) parasitaemia.
2012
7 pages; International audience; Malaria is a widespread vector-borne disease infecting a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates including reptiles, birds and mammals. In addition to being one of the most deadly infectious diseases for humans, malaria is a threat to wildlife. The host immune system represents the main defence against malaria parasites. Identifying the immune effectors involved in malaria resistance has therefore become a major focus of research. However, this has mostly involved humans and animal models (rodents) and how the immune system regulates malaria progression in non-model organisms has been largely ignored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of…
Stem cells, cancer stem-like cells, and natural products.
2012
Somatic stem cells can be found in many rapidly regenerating tissues, e.g., the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa, and hematopoietic system, but are also present at low numbers in non-regenerative organs such as the heart and brain. In these organs, somatic stem cells aid in normal tissue homeostasis and repair after injury as well as self-renewal and the generation of specific progenitor cells during differentiation. Cancer stem-like cells are a small subpopulation of self-renewing cells that are able to proliferate upon appropriate stimulation and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages in tumors. Modulation of the behavior of normal tissue stem cells and cancer stem-like cells is an emergi…
Differentiation-associated apoptosis of neural stem cells is effected by Bcl-2 overexpression: impact on cell lineage determination
2001
Apoptosis is an integral part of neural development. To elucidate the importance of programmed cell death on cell lineage determination we utilized murine PCC7-Mzl cells, a model system for neural differentiation. Treatment of pluripotent PCC7-Mzl stem cells with 0.1 microM all-trans retinoic acid (RA) causes a cease of proliferation and an initiation of differentiation into neurons, glial cells and fibroblasts. Simultaneously, a fraction of the cell culture (ca. 25%) dies within 24 h by apoptosis. We transfected PCC7-Mzl cells with the human bcl-2 cDNA and generated PCC7-Mz-Bcl-2 cell lines expressing two- to tenfold higher levels of Bcl-2 than parental cells. Overexpression of Bcl-2 resul…
Cell cycle independent role of Cyclin E during neural cell fate specification in Drosophila is mediated by its regulation of Prospero function
2009
AbstractDuring development, neural progenitor cells or neuroblasts generate a great intra- and inter-segmental diversity of neuronal and glial cell types in the nervous system. In thoracic segments of the embryonic central nervous system of Drosophila, the neuroblast NB6-4t undergoes an asymmetric first division to generate a neuronal and a glial sublineage, while abdominal NB6-4a divides once symmetrically to generate only 2 glial cells. We had earlier reported a critical function for the G1 cyclin, CyclinE (CycE) in regulating asymmetric cell division in NB6-4t. Here we show that (i) this function of CycE is independent of its role in cell cycle regulation and (ii) the two functions are m…
Peptides Derived from the Transmembrane Domain of Bcl-2 Proteins as Potential Mitochondrial Priming Tools
2014
The Bcl-2 family of proteins is crucial for apoptosis regulation. Members of this family insert through a specific C-terminal anchoring trans membrane domain (TMD) in the mitochondrial outer membrane where they hierarchically interact to determine cell fate. While the mitochondrial membrane has been proposed to actively participate in these protein protein interactions, the influence of the TMD in the membrane-mediated interaction is poorly understood. Synthetic peptides (TMD-pepts) corresponding to the putative TMD of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, and Mcl-1) and pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bak) members were synthesized and characterized. TMD-pepts bound more efficiently to mitochondria-like…