Search results for " Languages"
showing 10 items of 1859 documents
The Expressibility of Languages and Relations by Word Equations
1997
Classically, several properties and relations of words, such as being a power of a same word, can be expressed by using word equations. This paper is devoted to study in general the expressive power of word equations. As main results we prove theorems which allow us to show that certain properties of words are not expressible as components of solutions of word equations. In particular, the primitiveness and the equal length are such properties, as well as being any word over a proper subalphabet.
Some applications of a theorem of Shirshov to language theory
1983
Some applications of a theorem of Shirshov to language theory are given: characterization of regular languages, characterization of bounded languages, and a sufficient condition for a language to be Parikh-bounded.
Adaptation of a German Multidimensional Networking Scale into English
2011
Networking refers to building and maintaining personal contacts in order to obtain resources that, in turn, enhance one’s career success and work performance. This study reports the translation and adaptation of a multifaceted German networking scale ( Wolff & Moser, 2006 ) into English and focuses on the equivalence of the two language versions. Going beyond the often used translation-backtranslation method, we used a parallel translation-backtranslation method in combination with two expert committees to arrive at the English scale version, aiming to obtain at least structural equivalence. We utilize a bilingual sample (N = 76) as well as monolingual samples from the US (N = 174) and…
A word prediction methodology for automatic sentence completion
2015
Word prediction generally relies on n-grams occurrence statistics, which may have huge data storage requirements and does not take into account the general meaning of the text. We propose an alternative methodology, based on Latent Semantic Analysis, to address these issues. An asymmetric Word-Word frequency matrix is employed to achieve higher scalability with large training datasets than the classic Word-Document approach. We propose a function for scoring candidate terms for the missing word in a sentence. We show how this function approximates the probability of occurrence of a given candidate word. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms non neural network lang…
Second Language Interference during First Language Processing by Arabic-English Bilinguals.
2017
The research investigated whether a bilinguals’ second language (L2) is activated during a task involving only the first language (L1). We tested the hypothesis that the amount of L2 interference can vary across settings, with less interference occurring in testing locations where L2 is rarely used. In Experiment 1, we compared language processing for 50 Arabic–English bilinguals tested in Saudi Arabia and 49 Arabic–English tested in the United States. In the task, participants viewed a picture and judged whether a phoneme presented over headphones was part of the L1 picture name. The results showed no effect of testing location on processing. For both groups of bilinguals, we observed L2 i…
Computer-assisted preparation in conference interpreting
2017
Preparation has been proposed in the literature as one of the most important phases of an interpreting assignment, especially if the subject is highly specialised. Preparing an assignment in advance aims at bridging the linguistic and extra-linguistic gap between conference participants and interpreters and at reducing the cognitive load during interpretation. For these reasons it is considered crucial in ensuring higher interpreting quality. Yet, preparation is generally time-consuming and interpreters may often experience the feeling of not knowing exactly how to perform this task efficiently. Information technology could change this. Even though the first computer-assisted interpreting s…
The European sTANDEM project for certification in medical English: standards, acceptability and transgression(s)
2014
In the global world of international communication, employers or institutions that wish to determine the language skills of non-native speakers of English usually turn to generalist proficiency tests such as the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or the slightly more business-oriented TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication). These tests enable test takers to certify that they have reached a certain level in skills needed in everyday life and, sometimes, workplace situations, but they do not assess language skills for specific purposes.Aware of this vacuum, a consortium of European teachers/researchers and international experts in the domain of medical English unde…
Comunicare con i bambini per promuovere la loro crescita la prospettiva intersoggettiva ed embodied
2020
L'articolo tratta della specificità della relazione adulto-bambino piccolo, soffermandosi sulla prospettiva intersoggettiva alla seconda persona e facendo riferimento alle ultime ricerche neuroscientifiche che confermano il ruolo fondamentale della comunicazione psico-corporea nell'apprendimento e nello sviluppo infantile e l’importanza delle emozioni e degli affetti. Riflette quindi sulla specificità dei percorsi formativi per gli educatori per l’infanzia che, in una tale prospettiva, dovrebbero intrecciare il piano personale e quello professionale centrandosi sull’esperienza e sulla riflessione e l’autoriflessione. In questo senso particolarmente efficaci si rivelano i linguaggi artistico…
拉脱维亚汉语教学探索 : EXPLORATION OF CHINESE TEACHING IN LATVIA
2021
The 10th Anniversary of Confucius Institute at University of Latvia. Exploration of Chinese Teaching in Latvia.
Interactional means of teaming up: enacting the features of contemporary working life in a theater performance
2021
Abstract The article examines how the aspects of the social world are enacted in a theater play. The data come from a videotaped performance of a professional theater, portraying a story about a workplace organization going through a personnel training program. The aim of the study is to show how the core theme of the play – the teaming up of the personnel – is constructed in the live performance through a range of interactional means. By focusing on four core episodes of the play, the study on the one hand points out to the multiple changes taking place both within and between the different episodes of the play. On the other hand, the episodes of collective action involving the semiotic re…