Search results for " Liability"
showing 10 items of 127 documents
JUDICIAL LIABILITY IN EUROPE
2016
The theme of “judicial liability in Europe” revolves around the possibility to impose liability on judges for the infringement of the Community law, in all its forms, and subsequently to claim damages from them. In recent years, the influence of European and international laws has led to an ever-increasing pressure against the immunization and protection from liability that the judiciary has so far enjoyed. The liability of judges is therefore an expression of a fundamental and worldwide change in judicial structures. Exemplary in this context is the jurisprudence of the ECJ, affirming that the EU principle of State liability can also be applied to judicial wrongs; furthermore, the European…
Vainas institūts krimināltiesībās un tā nozīme noziedzīgu nodarījumu kvalifikācijā
2013
Anotācija Šis darbs ir veltīts vainas krimināltiesiskās izpratnes apzināšanai un izvērtēšanai, kā arī vainas institūta lomas izpētei noziedzīgu nodarījumu kvalifikācijas procesā. Vainas institūta nozīmi krimināltiesību zinātnē un krimināltiesību piemērošanas praksē ir grūti pārvērtēt. Ir pamats uzskatam, ka vainas princips un tā realizācija krimināltiesībās ir arī viens no sabiedrības attīstības līmeņa rādītājiem katrā konkrētā vēsturiskā un ģeogrāfiskā situācijā. Tas ir ņemams vērā, izvērtējot vainas institūta reglamentāciju un tā pielietojumu arī mūsdienās. Izpētes temats ir vērtējams kā aktuāls gan no krimināltiesību teorijas, gan arī no krimināltiesību piemērošanas prakses viedokļa. Tom…
Accuracy and Preferences for Legal Error
2020
We study the interactions between accuracy and standards used in the determination of legal liability. First, we show that accuracy and type-1 errors (wrongful findings of liability) must reduce each other's effectiveness in mitigating optimal type-2 errors (wrongful failures to assign liability) for previous results in the literature to hold. When this condition holds, for major crimes the median voter's tolerance for type-1 errors is reduced as the legal system's accuracy increases. However, this relationship need not hold for minor offenses. Our analysis also reveals that legal processes that emerge under electoral pressures convict more often than is optimal but less often than necessar…
Deficiencies of regulation of euthanasia in legal acts of foreign countries
2014
Today in most countries the practising of euthanasia is not permissible and as in any case of a criminal offence, which endangers the life of a person, criminal liability applies here. However, the analysis of legal norms in foreign criminal codes reveals several deficiencies, ranging from – the absence of legal regulation which leads to a paradoxical situation, when ignoring the motive and aim of the offence, euthanasia is qualified according to the article of the criminal code which provides for liability for murder with no mitigating circumstances, but assisted suicide liability does not apply at all, – to including special legal norms pertaining to this problematic issue, in the structu…
Companies and Company Law in England, 16th to 19th Centuries: Legal Personality, Limited Liability and Pink Unicorns
2020
the contribution explores the early developments of company law in England, from the Sixteenth century onwards, focusing especially on the emergence of the concepts of legal personality and limited liability
Legal Liability Regarding The Regime of Organization, Systematization and Signalization of Roads in Romania
2017
Abstract People and society`s life can not be understood out of conduct rules that must be respected by everybody. Legal liability represents both a fundamental form of law and a basic component of the whole legal system. One of the fundamental principles of law is liability. Those who break legal rules alter laws and citizens` legal rights and interests. They disturb, sometimes in a serious way, public order and good going, thus, endangering the most important values of society. Either the frequency or severity of breaking laws or their negative impact on social balance and legal order oblige law makers to both set up accurately the limits of liability regarding these commitments and penal…
La responsabilità della capogruppo per la violazione del duty of care: note a margine di Okpabi v. Royal Dutch Shell Plc
2021
The paper examines a UK-Supreme Court of Justice decision (Okbapi v. Royal Dutch Shell Plc) concerning the liability of a parent company for the abusive con-ducts of its subsidiaries. The Court explores whether and in what circumstances the UK-domiciled parent company of a multi-national group of companies may owe a common law duty of care to individuals who allegedly suffer serious harm as a re-sult of alleged systemic health, safety and environmental failings of one of its overseas subsidiaries as the operator of a joint venture operation. Although the decision focuses on preliminary issues of summary judgment, it pro-vides inputs to a renewed reflection on the duty of care upon the paren…
Inadempimento e causalità nelle obbligazioni di fare professionale
2020
Il saggio analizza e tenta di confutare i recenti tentativi, giurisprudenziali e dottrinari, di ritagliare alle obbligazioni di facere professionale un regime apposito di responsabilità contrattuale, specie sul versante della rilevanza autonoma del nesso di causalità materiale e dell’imposizione al creditore del relativo onere probatorio. Muovendo dall’esame dell’oggetto delle obbligazioni di facere professionale, il saggio si prefigge di offrire una conferma dell’unitarietà delle regole di responsabilità contrattuale e della ripartizione dei temi di prova tra creditore e debitore. The essay analyzes and tries to refute recent attempts, both in jurisprudence and in doctrine, to cut out to t…
The Responsibility of Professional Football Clubs under the Organizational Model Rules
2013
Sovraindebitamento e responsabilità patrimoniale
2020
The article critically investigates the relationship between the issue of over-indebtedness and, in particular, that of discharge from bankruptcy, highlighting the problematic relationship with the debtor’s financial liability and the impact on the statute of the obligation. In this sense, the rule on discharge from bankruptcy is examined, stigmatizing both its linguistic inaccuracy and the disorientation it produces in the interpreters. The essay then emphasizes the difficulties encountered by the process of integration of such rule into the system. From this point of view, there is a genetic mutation of the obligation, whose original status is radically changed.