Search results for " Ly"
showing 10 items of 2487 documents
T lymphocyte-stimulating microbial toxins as ?superantigens?
1991
Infectious pathogens generally have to cope with the host's adaptive immune system, i.e., T and B lymphocytes. Common evasion mechanisms in this complex interaction are antigenic variations, the escape to immunologically priviledged sites or the use of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Many bacteria and other microorganisms eleborate soluble factors or toxins that act suppressively on cells of the immune system, such as pore-forming molecules or proteins that interfere with the function of G proteins. Gram-positive cocci and a mycoplasma have developed an extremely potent mechanism of T cell stimulation by closely mimicking recognition of specific antigen. From the functional similarity to anti…
Human T helper cells reactive with somatic bacterial antigens belong to the Th1 subset
1994
The aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine secretion patterns of human T helper cells from healthy donors reactive with somatic antigens from various bacteria, the nematode Anisakis and tetanus toxoid. From the peripheral blood of four healthy donors we have established 70 T cell lines reactive with antigens from Yersinia, Salmonella, Morganella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Escherichia, Chlamydia, Shigella, Streptococcus, tetanus toxoid and Anisakis, respectively. Our results show that all T cells reactive with bacteria produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but no interleukin (IL)-4 and no or very little IL-2 and IL-10 and, thus, belong to t…
Evaluation of the Architect Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Viral Capsid Antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM, and EBV Nuclear Antigen 1 IgG Chemiluminescent Immunoas…
2014
ABSTRACTCommercial immunoassays for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), viral capsid antigens (VCA), and IgGs toward EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) are routinely used in combination to categorize EBV infection status. In this study, we evaluated the performances of the Architect EBV VCA IgG, VCA IgM, and EBNA-1 IgG chemiluminescent microparticle assays (CMIAs) in EBV serological analyses using indirect immunofluorescence assays and anticomplement immunofluorescence assays as the reference methods for VCA IgG, VCA IgM, and EBNA-1 IgG antibody detection, respectively. A total of 365 serum samples representing different EBV serological profiles were included in t…
Scrub typhus, acute respiratory distress, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
2013
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Measles and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
2012
To the Editor: We found interesting the article by Lupo et al. about a case of fatal measles in an immunocompetent 29-year-old woman (Fatal measles without rash in immunocompetent adult, France; http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1803.111300). Perhaps, however, the possible diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) should also have been considered in that setting. HLH is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by histiocyte proliferation and hemophagocytosis. HLH may be inherited (i.e., primary, familial, generally occurring in infants) or may occur at any age secondary to infection, malignancy, or rheumatologic disease. Secondary HLH is determined accor…
Recombinant epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxin A of Staphylococcus aureus is not a superantigen
1992
The epidermolytic (exfoliative) toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus cause epidermolysis and skin blistering. In addition, they have been implicated to belong to the group of T lymphocyte stimulating molecules known as "superantigens". Here we show that recombinant epidermolytic toxin A produced in S. aureus is not mitogenic for human and murine T lymphocytes. We discuss the possibility that minute contaminations of highly mitogenic exoproteins may cause the mitogenicity in several proteins that are reported to be superantigens.
Polymorphisms within the TNFSF4 and mapkapk2 loci influence the risk of developing invasive aspergillosis: A two-stage case control study in the cont…
2020
Here, we assessed whether 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TNFSF4 and MAPKAPK2 loci influence the risk of developing invasive aspergillosis (IA). We conducted a twostage case control study including 911 high-risk patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies that were ascertained through the aspBIOmics consortium. The meta-analysis of the discovery and replication populations revealed that carriers of the TNFSF4rs7526628T/T genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing IA (p = 0.00022). We also found that carriers of the TNFSF4rs7526628T allele showed decreased serum levels of TNFSF14 protein (p = 0.0027), and that their macrophages had a decreased fungi…
The Expression and Prognostic Significance of VEGF and CXCR4 in Gastric Cancer: Correlation with Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis and Progression
2022
The cellular response to hypoxia includes the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and its target genes: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of VEGF and CXCR4, which are responsible for angiogenesis and progression in gastric cancer. Twenty-eight gastric cancer patients were analyzed. The mRNA expression was examined in primary tumors and corresponding normal gastric mucosa by RT-PCR. The protein level was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. The high expression of VEGF and CXCR4 was found in 71.0 and 64.0% of tumors, respectively. The mean levels…
Molecular signature of Epstein Barr virus-positive Burkitt lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder suggest different roles for Epst…
2014
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is commonly associated with human cancer and, in particular, with lymphoid malignancies. Although the precise role of the virus in the pathogenesis of different lymphomas is largely unknown, it is well recognized that the expression of viral latent proteins and miRNA can contribute to its pathogenetic role. In this study, we compared the gene and miRNA expression profile of two EBV-associated aggressive B non-Hodgkin lymphomas known to be characterized by differential expression of the viral latent proteins aiming to dissect the possible different contribution of such proteins and EBV-encoded miRNAs. By applying extensive bioinformatic inferring and an exp…
Visceral leishmaniasis, hypertriglyceridemia and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
2016
cytokines, an upregulation of adhesion molecules and MHC I and II molecules on mono/macrophages, and an expansion of inflammatory monocytes. This exaggerated inflammatory response is responsible for necrosis and organ failure and results in uncontrolled proliferation and phagocytic activity of histiocytes [2]. Hypertriglyceridemia (fasting, greater than or equal to 265 mg/100 ml) is one of the current diagnostic criteria for HLH [2]. Several studies link hypertriglyceridemia to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-α is a powerful autocrine and paracrine regulator of adipose tissue [3]. Indeed, many different sources of intense and prolonged T-ly…