Search results for " MR"

Role of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values analysis in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI-MR) in the characterization of prostatic disease …

Purpose To evaluate if apparent diffusion coefficient analysis on magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate between normal and pathological prostate tissue, including prostate cancer and precancerous conditions (ASAP and PIN). Materials and Methods Prostate MRI with endorectal coil was performed in 93 patients (mean age 65.4). Regions of interest were placed over suspicious areas, detected on MRI, and over areas with normal appearance, and ADC values were recorded. Statistical differences between ADC values of suspicious and normal areas were evaluated. Histopathological diagnosis, obtained from targeted biopsy in 51 patients and from prostatectomy in 42 patients, were correlated to ADC …

Soot-exposed mononuclear cells increase inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and protein secretion in cocultured bronchial epithelial cells.

2000

<i>Background:</i> Soot particles are air pollutants capable of inducing airway and lung parenchymal injury. Mononuclear and bronchial epithelial cells are central to the maintenance of homeostasis and inflammation in the airways. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of mononuclear cells to the release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells. <i>Methods:</i> To model the in vivo situation, an in vitro system of cocultured blood monocytes and BEAS-2B cells was established in a transwell system. Blood monocytes were exposed to soot particles (FR 101) at concentrations of up to 100 μg/10<sup>6</su…

The Neochord Procedure After Failed Surgical Mitral Valve Repair.

2021

Surgical mitral valve reintervention is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and repeat repair is not always feasible. We examine the clinical outcomes of the NeoChord procedure after failed conventional mitral valve repair. A total of 312 patients were treated with the NeoChord repair procedure between January 2014 and December 2018 at 5 European centers. Clinical and echocardiographic data were reviewed to identify patients who had a prior surgical mitral valve repair procedure. The primary endpoint (Patient Success) was a composite of placement of at least 2 neochordae and end-procedure mitral valve regurgitation (MR) ≤ mild, freedom from death, stroke, structural or func…

Assessment of lung microstructure with magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized Helium-3

2005

Magnetic resonance imaging of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of hyperpolarized Helium-3 is a new technique for probing pulmonary microstructure in vivo. The aim of this study was the assessment of potential sources of systematic errors of the ADC measurement. The influence of macroscopic motion was determined by measurements at two different delays after initiating the breath-hold, and before and after cardiac arrest. An intercentre comparison was performed in two age- and lung function-matched groups of lung-healthy volunteers at two research sites. Moreover, measurements of diffusion anisotropy were performed. We found no dependency of the ADC as a function of the delay after st…

Automatic Quality Assessment of Cardiac MR Images with Motion Artefacts using Multi-task Learning and K-Space Motion Artefact Augmentation

2022

The movement of patients and respiratory motion during MRI acquisition produce image artefacts that reduce the image quality and its diagnostic value. Quality assessment of the images is essential to minimize segmentation errors and avoid wrong clinical decisions in the downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose automatic multi-task learning (MTL) based classification model to detect cardiac MR images with different levels of motion artefact. We also develop an automatic segmentation model that leverages k-space based motion artefact augmentation (MAA) and a novel compound loss that utilizes Dice loss with a polynomial version of cross-entropy loss (PolyLoss) to robustly segment cardiac st…

The impact of study design and diagnostic approach in a large multi-centre ADHD study. Part 1: ADHD symptom patterns

2011

Contains fulltext : 96439.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project with 11 participating centres from 7 European countries and Israel has collected a large behavioural and genetic database for present and future research. Behavioural data were collected from 1068 probands with the combined type of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-CT) and 1446 'unselected' siblings. The aim was to analyse the IMAGE sample with respect to demographic features (gender, age, family status, and recruiting centres) and psychopathological characteristics (diagnostic subtype, symptom frequencies, age at symptom detection, and com…

ROLE OF RNA BINDING PROTEIN IN THE NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION

2014

Synthesis of H1˚ and H3.3 histone proteins, in the developing rat brain, seems to be regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Since regulation of RNA metabolism depends on a series of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), we have been searching for RBPs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the H1˚ and H3.3 genes. Previously, we reported isolation, from a cDNA expression library, of an insert encoding a novel protein, the C-terminal half of which is identical to that of PEP-19, a brain-specific protein involved in calcium metabolism. The novel protein was called long PEP-19 isoform (LPI). We showed that LPI, as well as PEP-19, can bind H1˚ RNA. Since PEP19 and LPI contain a c…

Illumination correction on biomedical images

2014

RF-Inhomogeneity Correction (aka bias) artifact is an important re- search field in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Bias corrupts MR images alter- ing their illumination even though they are acquired with the most recent scanners. Homomorphic Unsharp Masking (HUM) is a filtering technique aimed at correcting illumination inhomogeneity, but it produces a halo around the edges as a side effect. In this paper a novel correction scheme based on HUM is proposed to correct the artifact mentioned above without introducing the halo. A wide experimentation has been performed on MR images. The method has been tuned and evaluated using the simulated Brainweb image database. In this framework, the ap…

The role of PNI to predict survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Sorafenib

2020

Background and aims The present study aims to investigate the role of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib. Methods This multicentric study included a training cohort of 194 HCC patients and three external validation cohorts of 129, 76 and 265 HCC patients treated with Sorafenib, respectively. The PNI was calculated as follows: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (per mm3). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between the covariates and the overall survival (OS). Results A PNI cut-off value of 31.3 was established using the ROC an…

Differential associations of age with volume and microstructure of hippocampal subfields in healthy older adults

2015

Hippocampal atrophy in advanced healthy aging has frequently been reported. However, the vulnerability of different hippocampal subfields to age-related atrophy is still a source of debate. Moreover, the association of age with the microstructural integrity of subfields is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the associations between age and volume as well as microstructural integrity of hippocampal subfields using a three-dimensional (3D) surface mapping approach. Forty-three healthy older adults spanning the age range from 60 to 85 years underwent T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging. Analyses demonstrated an association of age with hippocampal volume predominantly in the m…