Search results for " Mitogen"

showing 10 items of 202 documents

p38 MAPK Controls Prothrombin Expression by Regulated RNA 3′ End Processing

2011

Thrombin is a key protease involved in blood coagulation, complement activation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor invasion. Although induced in many (patho-)physiological conditions, the underlying mechanisms controlling prothrombin expression remained enigmatic. We have now discovered that prothrombin expression is regulated by a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism responding to stress and inflammation. This mechanism is triggered by external stimuli that activate p38 MAPK. In turn, p38 MAPK upmodulates canonical 3' end processing components and phosphorylates the RNA-binding proteins FBP2 and FBP3, which inhibit 3' end processing of mRNAs, such as prothrombin mRNA, that bear a d…

MaleAdenosinePolymersp38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesInflammationPlasma protein bindingBiologyp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesGene Expression Regulation EnzymologicMiceThrombinCell Line TumormedicineAnimalsHumansNeoplasm InvasivenessRNA MessengerMolecular BiologyRegulation of gene expressionMessenger RNARNACell BiologyXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysCell biologyRibonucleoproteinsImmunologyPhosphorylationRNAProthrombinmedicine.symptomRNA 3' End Processingmedicine.drugProtein BindingMolecular Cell
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Activation of p38, p21, and NRF-2 Mediates Decreased Proliferation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured under 21% O2

2014

Summary High rates of stem cell proliferation are important in regenerative medicine and in stem cell banking for clinical use. Ambient oxygen tensions (21% O2) are normally used for in vitro culture, but physiological levels in vivo range between 3% and 6% O2. We compared proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured under 21% versus 3% O2. The rate of hDPSC proliferation is significantly lower at 21% O2 compared to physiological oxygen levels due to enhanced oxidative stress. Under 21% O2, increased p38 phosphorylation led to activation of p21. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and p21 led to activation of the NRF-2 signaling pathway. The upregulation of NR…

MaleAdolescentNF-E2-Related Factor 2Biologymedicine.disease_causep38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesBiochemistryYoung AdultDownregulation and upregulationReportDental pulp stem cellsGeneticsmedicineHumanslcsh:QH301-705.5Cells CulturedDental PulpCell Proliferationchemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen specieslcsh:R5-920Cell growthCell BiologyCell biologyOxygenAdult Stem CellsOxidative Stressp21-Activated Kinaseschemistrylcsh:Biology (General)ImmunologySignal transductionStem celllcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidative stressDevelopmental BiologyAdult stem cellStem Cell Reports
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Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Allopurinol Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Role of p38 MAPKinase and E3 Ubiquitin Ligases

2012

International audience; Abstract Top Alterations in muscle play an important role in common diseases and conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during hindlimb unloading due, at least in part, to the activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). The major aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which XO activation causes unloading-induced muscle atrophy in ratsand its possible prevention by allopurinol, a well-known inhibitor of this enzyme. For this purpose we studied one of the main redox sensitive signalling cascades involved in skeletal muscle atrophy i.e. p38 MAPKinaseand the expression of two well known muscle specific E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in proteolysis, …

MaleAgingAnatomy and Physiology[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]lcsh:MedicineMuscle ProteinsGene ExpressionHindlimbSignal transductionmedicine.disease_causep38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesTripartite Motif Proteinschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineMolecular cell biologySignaling in Cellular Processeslcsh:ScienceMusculoskeletal System0303 health sciencesMultidisciplinarySignaling cascadesMuscle BiochemistryAnimal ModelsMuscle atrophy3. Good healthMuscular Atrophymedicine.anatomical_structureBiochemistryHindlimb SuspensionMuscleMedicinemedicine.symptomCellular Typesmedicine.drugResearch Articlemedicine.medical_specialtyXanthine OxidaseMAPK signaling cascadesAllopurinolUbiquitin-Protein LigasesAllopurinolBiology03 medical and health sciencesAtrophyModel OrganismsInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsRats WistarXanthine oxidaseMuscle SkeletalBiology030304 developmental biologySoleus muscleMuscle CellsSKP Cullin F-Box Protein LigasesSuperoxide Dismutaselcsh:RSkeletal musclemedicine.diseaseRatsEnzyme ActivationOxidative StressEndocrinologychemistryRatlcsh:QPhysiological Processes030217 neurology & neurosurgeryOxidative stress
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Differential expression of PGC-1α and metabolic sensors suggest age-dependent induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in Friedreich ataxia fibroblasts.

2011

11 pages, 6 figures. PMID:21687738[PubMed] PMCID: PMC3110204

MaleAgingMitochondrial DiseasesMitochondrial MyopathyUbiquinoneCardiomyopathylcsh:MedicineMitochondrionAMP-Activated Protein Kinasesp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesAntioxidantsAdenosine TriphosphateAMP-activated protein kinaseTrinucleotide RepeatsFibrosisMolecular Cell BiologyChildlcsh:ScienceHeat-Shock ProteinsRegulation of gene expressionMultidisciplinaryMovement DisordersbiologyNeuromuscular DiseasesMiddle AgedCatalasePeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alphaCell biologyMitochondriaDNA-Binding ProteinsNeurologyDisease ProgressionMedicineFemalemedicine.symptomSignal TransductionResearch ArticleAdultcongenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesAtaxiaAdolescentMitochondrial ProteinsmedicineGeneticsHumansBiologyAllelesGlutathione PeroxidaseSuperoxide Dismutaselcsh:RHuman GeneticsFibroblastsmedicine.diseaseMolecular biologyOxidative StressMitochondrial biogenesisGene Expression RegulationFriedreich Ataxiabiology.proteinFrataxinlcsh:QEnergy MetabolismReactive Oxygen SpeciesTranscription FactorsPLoS ONE
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SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives

2021

Graphical abstract

MaleAgingssRNA single-stranded RNARFLP restriction fragment length polymorphismHSPs heat shock proteinsReviewPTMs post-translational modificationsSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeBiochemistryHIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus-1TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-αEC endothelial cells0302 clinical medicineFluAV influenza A virusI insertionMedicineIFN-γ interferon-γDIC disseminated intravascular coagulationPCR Polymerase Chain Reactionmedia_commonAged 80 and overLongevityRBD receptor-binding domainNeurologyLongevity modelMI myocardial infarctionNK natural killerhPIV2 human parainfluenza virus type 2media_common.quotation_subjectResearching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targetsLongevityDBP diastolic blood pressureNF-Kb nuclear transcription factor kBRANTES regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secretedMphi human macrophages03 medical and health sciencesCox 2 cyclooxygenase 2ORF open reading framePT prothrombin timeSettore MED/05 - Patologia ClinicaHumansMolecular BiologyInflammatory genesARDS acute respiratory distress syndromeNO nitric oxideD deletionCpGIs CpG islandsT2DM type 2 diabetes mellitusmedicine.diseaseFDP fibrin degradation products030104 developmental biologySARS CoV2 severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 virusImmunologyBMI body max indexItalian nonagenarians/centenariansRSV respiratory syncytial virusComplication030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseIP-10 IFN-γ -Inducible Protein 1040301 basic medicineAT1R activity of angiotensin 1 receptorsDCs dentritic cellsSSCP single strand conformation polymorphismACE/DD polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzymeFGF21 fibroblast growth factor 21TLR4 toll-like receptor 4NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideACE angiotensin-I converting enzymeAT2R activity of angiotensin 2 receptorsCOVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019Respiratory distressACE2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2MKP-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 ()PD protease domainSNP single nucleotide polymorphismEH essential hypertensionTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorINR international normalized ratio of the prothrombin timePAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1Ang angiotensinLPS lipopolysaccharideMCP1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1medicine.symptomaPTT partial thromboplastin timeBiotechnologyDUSP1 dual specificity phosphatase 1Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PC prostate cancerRAS renin-angiotensin aldosterone systemCCR5Δ32 genetic variant of chemokine receptorCOVID-19 Researching genetic basis of resistance and potential pharmacological targets Italian nonagenarians/centenarians Longevity modelAsymptomaticSARS-1 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 1SIRT-1 Sirtuin 1Th1 t-helper lymphocyte type 1Immune systemROS reactive oxygen speciesTGF-β transforming growth factor betaET-1 endothelin-1ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICSADAM-17 metallopeptidase domain 17business.industrySARS-CoV-2SBP systolic blood pressureCOVID-19HDACs histone deacetylasesComorbidityImmune Systembusiness5-LO lipoxygenase 5Ageing Research Reviews
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Effect of gender on mitochondrial toxicity of Alzheimer's Abeta peptide.

2007

The aim of this article is to review the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, the effect of gender on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved will be discussed. Mitochondria, in the presence of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide, increase the formation of reactive oxygen species which act both as damaging agents and also as signaling molecules. These radicals, in fact, unleash a mechanism involving the liberation of cytochrome c that leads to neuronal apoptosis. Notably, young females appear protected against the mitochondrial toxicity of amyloid-beta, likely due to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes wh…

MaleAntioxidantPhysiologymedicine.medical_treatmentClinical BiochemistryPharmacologyMitochondrionBiologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinaseschemistry.chemical_compoundDownregulation and upregulationAlzheimer DiseasemedicineHumansMolecular BiologyGeneral Environmental Sciencechemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesAmyloid beta-PeptidesEstrogensCell Biologymedicine.diseaseOxidantsMitochondriaEnzyme ActivationMitochondrial toxicitychemistryBiochemistryToxicityGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesPhytoestrogensFemaleOxidative stressAntioxidantsredox signaling
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TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Different Compartments of the Lower Airways of Patients With Stable COPD

2017

Background: The expression and localization of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway proteins in different compartments of the lower airways of patients with stable COPD is unclear. We aimed to determine TGF-β pathway protein expression in patients with stable COPD. Methods: The expression and localization of TGF-β pathway components was measured in the bronchial mucosa and peripheral lungs of patients with stable COPD (n = 44), control smokers with normal lung function (n = 24), and control nonsmoking subjects (n = 11) using immunohistochemical analysis. Results: TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and connective tissue growth factor expression were significantly decreased in the bronchiolar epithelium…

MaleCCN2 connective tissue growth factorSmad Proteinsairway inflammationCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineTRAP-1 transforming growth factor-β receptor-associated binding proteinPulmonary Disease Chronic ObstructiveLAP latency-associated peptideSMAD small mother against decapentaplegicBAMBI CTGF SMAD TGF-B airway inflammation autoimmunityLungTGF transforming growth factorLLC large latent complexBAMBI CTGF SMAD TGF-β Airway Inflammation AutoimmunityautoimmunityMiddle Agedrespiratory systemLTBP latent transforming growth factor-β binding proteinImmunohistochemistryTGIF 5′-TG-3′-interacting factorECM extracellular matrixTGFBI transforming growth factor-β-induced proteinFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinePI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinaseSignal TransductionTGF-βPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineTGF-βR TGF-β receptorSocio-culturaleBronchiRespiratory MucosaArticleTGF-BTransforming Growth Factor beta1Transforming Growth Factor beta3Macrophages AlveolarHumansAgedBAMBI; CTGF; SMAD; TGF-β; airway inflammation; autoimmunityBAMBIMembrane ProteinsCTGFBMP bone morphogenetic proteinBAMBI; CTG; SMAD; TGF-β; airway inflammation; autoimmunityCTGBAMBI bone morphogenetic proteins and activin membrane-bound inhibitorrespiratory tract diseasesairway inflammation; autoimmunity; BAMBI; CTGF; SMAD; TGF-β; Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine; Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine; Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineCase-Control StudiesBiomarkersMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseSMAD
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p38 MAP kinase drives the expression of mast cell-derived IL-9 via activation of the transcription factor GATA-1.

2007

Mast cells are able to produce a huge panel of mediators including the Th2-type cytokine IL-9, which is considered to be a key mediator for the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, but detailed information on the regulation of IL-9 transcription in mast cells has been scarce. Herein we provide evidence that the erythroid/myeloid transcription factor GATA-1, which is not expressed in Th2 cells, is a potent activator of IL-9 expression in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Furthermore, in mast cells, but not in Th2 cells, production of IL-9 is sensitive to inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. As transactivation mediated by GATA-1 is also sensitive to inhibition of p38 MAP kinase, and GATA-1 i…

MaleCell signalingmedicine.medical_treatmentImmunologyBone Marrow CellsGATA3 Transcription FactorBiologyp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesTransactivationMiceTh2 CellsmedicineAnimalsGATA1 Transcription FactorMast CellsRNA MessengerPhosphorylationPromoter Regions GeneticMolecular BiologyInterleukin 5Mice Inbred BALB CGATA2Interleukin-9Mast cellCell biologyInterleukin 33GATA2 Transcription FactorCytokinemedicine.anatomical_structureGene Expression RegulationInterleukin 15MutationFemaleMolecular immunology
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High mobility group box 1 potentiates the pro-inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β in osteoarthritic synoviocytes

2010

Introduction High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released by necrotic cells or secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli. Extracellular HMGB1 may act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis. We have recently reported that HMGB1 is released by osteoarthritic synoviocytes after activation with interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) The present study investigated the role of HMGB1 in synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods HMGB1 was determined in human synovium using immunohistochemistry, comparing normal to OA. OA synoviocytes were incubated with HMGB1 at 15 or 25 ng/ml in the absence or presence of IL-1β (10 ng/ml). Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR and pro…

MaleChemokineMAP Kinase Signaling Systemmedicine.medical_treatmentInterleukin-1betaImmunologyInflammationchemical and pharmacologic phenomenaCCL2HMGB1p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesRheumatologySynovitisMatrix Metalloproteinase 13HumansMedicineImmunology and AllergyRNA MessengerHMGB1 ProteinExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesCells CulturedAgedbiologybusiness.industrySynovial MembraneNF-kappa BOsteoarthritis Kneemedicine.diseaseImmunohistochemistryMolecular biologyCCL20Cytokinemedicine.anatomical_structurebiology.proteinFemaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Matrix Metalloproteinase 1Synovial membranemedicine.symptombusinessProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktResearch ArticleArthritis Research & Therapy
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Toll-like receptor 5 deficiency exacerbates cardiac injury and inflammation induced by myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion in the mouse

2015

Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MIR) triggers a sterile inflammatory response important for myocardial healing, but which may also contribute to adverse ventricular remodelling. Such inflammation is initiated by molecular danger signals released by damaged myocardium, which induce innate immune responses by activating toll-like receptors (TLRs). Detrimental roles have been recently reported for TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4. The role of other TLRs is unknown. We therefore evaluated the role of TLR5, expressed at high level in the heart, in the development of myocardial damage and inflammation acutely triggered by MIR. TLR5−/− and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to MIR (30 min ischaemia, 2 h reperf…

MaleChemokinemedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypep38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryInflammation030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyBiologyp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesVentricular Function LeftProinflammatory cytokineVentricular Dysfunction Left03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicine[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular systemInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsPhosphorylationProtein kinase B030304 developmental biologyInflammationMice Knockout0303 health sciencesToll-like receptorMyocardiumGeneral MedicineImmunity Innate3. Good healthMice Inbred C57BLDisease Models AnimalOxidative StressToll-Like Receptor 5CXCL2PhenotypeEndocrinologybiology.proteinTLR4Inflammation Mediatorsmedicine.symptomProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktClinical Science
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