Search results for " Mobility"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
An ABM to support collective reflection on the evolution of mobility
2021
International audience; Transport infrastructures play a large part in defining a smart, sustainable and resilient city. Planning transportation systems traditionally rely on well-known evolutions of roads or public transportation (roundabouts for security, etc.). Yet, infrastructures might also benefit from, or may have to adapt to, recent disruptive innovations concerning modalities, technologies and societal organization (autonomous cars, smart infrastructure, homeworking, etc.). However, innovative urban policies might either facilitate mobility and increase citizen well-being, or create negative side effects. Urban planning therefore requires the city to assess the impact of these disr…
Agent-based modeling of the social and economic factors affecting the choice of transportation mode : application to the Beirut city
2018
In urban and peri-urban environments, transport and mobility are strongly linked to socio-economic activities. They are influenced by individual's personal psychology, social norms, resistance to change, personal attitude, habits, fears and beliefs. Beirut is a mono-centric city with transport supply poverty. Vehicle ownership has increased rapidly in response to the shortage of public transportation. Currently, there is an opportunity to develop mobility management services and establish sustainable mobility and accessibility in Beirut. This requires that transport modes be affordable, efficient and environmentally friendly, as well as technologies that minimize the energy consumption by f…
Linking traffic and noise models to explore spatio-temporal distribution of noise pollution: an example in Besançon (France)
2012
International audience; Road transportation is one of the major environmental noise sources in urban areas, which is characterized by an important temporal and spatial variation. Therefore, linking mobility and traffic model with noise model each representing spatial and temporal dimensions is a great interest. An integrated and original approach was developed to explore noise pollution in urban areas with a spatiotemporal and prospective point of view. An agent-based Land-Use and Transport Integrated (LUTI) model - MobiSim- was used to assess traffic modulation by simulating hourly flows and mobility. Individual choices of agents (representing the city's inhabitants) were transformed to fl…
The role of VOC oxidation products in continental new particle formation
2008
Abstract. Aerosol physical and chemical properties and trace gas concentrations were measured during the QUEST field campaign in March–April, 2003, in Hyytiälä, Finland. Our aim was to understand the role of oxidation products of VOC's such as mono- and sesquiterpenes in atmospheric nucleation events. Particle chemical compositions were measured using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, and chemical compositions of aerosol samples collected with low-pressure impactors and a high volume sampler were analysed using a number of techniques. The results indicate that during and after new particle formation, all particles larger than 50 nm in diameter contained similar organic substances that…
Gangliosides characterization by high resolution mass spectrometry and ion mobility
2016
Gangliosides (GG) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids particularly abundant in the nervous system. They exhibit a wide variety of structures depending on both the oligosaccharide chain and the ceramide moiety. About 200 GG species have been described so far, but their diversity and biological roles are far from being completely elucidated. An efficient method of identification and quantification is crucial to apprehend this huge heterogeneity. In this study, we focused on the characterization of the ceramide portion of GG, identifying the long chain base (LCB) and the fatty acid. A commercial standard of GD3 was analysed with both a Thermo LTQ-Orbitrap XLTM and a Waters Synapt G2-…
Autoroutes et dynamique du tourisme
2006
The widening of the motorway network in France, during the nineties, gives the opportunity to analyze the relationships between accessibility and tourism. The A 39 skirts the foothills of the Jura and improve its accessibility although it does not penetrate into the mountains. From this example, we wished to evaluate the impact of such an infrastructure on the tourism activity in the Jura. The adopted method involves following the development of tourism starting from multiple sources provided by national statistics, traffic surveys carried out before and after the opening of the A 39, and the interviews of the people in charge for tourism in the Jura. The interest of these investigations is…
Social Inequality in French Education : Extent and Complexity of the Issues
2007
Educational inequality is a matter of acute concern in France as it is in most democratic countries. We rely on schools to assess the skill levels of all students and on this basis to guide them into employment in a way which is impartial and independent of their social origins. However, since the end of the 1960s, French sociology has very cogently denounced sharp and persistent inequalities both in access to different levels of education and in academic success understood more narrowly. This critique took the form of a general theory, presented by Bourdieu and Passeron in 1970 in Reproduction, which made social inequalities a necessary outcome of the way in which school systems worked.
Incertitudes et effets pervers de l'inflation scolaire
2006
06044http://ep.inrp.fr/EP/colloques/colloque_repenser_justice/communication_marie_duru_bellat/view; La méritocratie s'impose comme la seule voie à la fois juste et efficace de répartir les places (inégales) dans les sociétés démocratiques. Dès lors que la méritocratie fait l'objet d'une forte valorisation, et qu'on place toute confiance en l'école pour la faire advenir, tout développement de l'éducation ne peut aller que dans le sens du progrès : C'est un vecteur de réduction des inégalités sociales et d'accroissement de la mobilité sociale, les effets économiques et sociaux plus généraux en sont forcément positifs. Est-ce si sûr ? Sans balayer ici toutes ces questions, on pointera quelques…
La méritocratie scolaire, une idéologie partagée ?
2006
06049; Au sein du domaine assez nourri des travaux sur les sentiments de justice (Kellerhals et al, 1997 ; Dubet, 2005), la recherche présentée ici se centre sur l'intériorisation du principe de mérite et sur la légitimité de l'assimilation entre mérite et mérite scolaire. Il s'agit de tester l'hypothèse émise dans le cadre des théories de la reproduction selon laquelle l'école joue en ce domaine, avec entre autres conséquences que l'intériorisation de la méritocratie scolaire doit être sensible au niveau d'instruction. Dans ce volet qualitatif, on se fonde sur l'analyse de cent entretiens auprès d'adultes tout-venant. L'intériorisation de la méritocratie scolaire est appréhendée par des qu…
Thermal Engine and Climate Change Challenge
2021
Thermal engines have dominated sectors of economy, and particularly transportation. Their current development and state of the art are the results of XXth century priorities related to economy and environment. In the future, thermal engines will face the challenge of emerging technologies in the frame of sustainable mobility and development. After an analysis of functioning principles and perspectives of development, particularly of combustion engines, thermal engines are compared to other realistic scenarios for transports applications in well-to-wheel and life cycle analysis.