Search results for " Models"

showing 10 items of 4240 documents

Endothelial Leptin Receptor Deletion Promotes Cardiac Autophagy and Angiogenesis Following Pressure Overload by Suppressing Akt/mTOR Signaling.

2019

Background: Cardiac remodeling is modulated by overnutrition or starvation. The adipokine leptin mediates energy balance between adipose tissue and brain. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the heart. Methods and Results: To examine the importance of endothelial leptin signaling in cardiac hypertrophy, transverse aortic constriction was used in mice with inducible endothelium-specific deletion of leptin receptors (End.LepR-KO) or littermate controls (End.LepR-WT). End.LepR-KO was associated with improved left ventricular function (fractional shortening, 28.4% versus 18.8%; P =0.0114), reduced left ventricular dilation (end-systolic inner left ventricular diameter, 3.59 versus 4.08 m…

AngiogenesisAdipose tissueAdipokineCardiomegaly030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyVentricular Function Left03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineAutophagyMedicineAnimalsHumansGenetic Predisposition to Disease030212 general & internal medicineProtein kinase BCells Cultured2. Zero hungerPressure overloadHeart FailureMice KnockoutLeptin receptorNeovascularization Pathologicbusiness.industryLeptinMyocardiumTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesAutophagyEndothelial CellsFibrosisCell biologyDisease Models AnimalPhenotypeReceptors LeptinFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktGene DeletionSignal TransductionCirculation. Heart failure
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Thouless-Valatin Rotational Moment of Inertia from the Linear Response Theory

2017

Spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries of a nuclear many-body system results in appearance of zero-energy restoration modes. Such modes introduce a non-physical contributions to the physical excitations called spurious Nambu-Goldstone modes. Since they represent a special case of collective motion, they are sources of important information about the Thouless-Valatin inertia. The main purpose of this work is to study the Thouless-Valatin rotational moment of inertia as extracted from the Nambu-Goldstone restoration mode that results from the zero-frequency response to the total angular momentum operator. We examine the role and effects of the pairing correlations on the rotational cha…

Angular momentumNuclear Theorymedia_common.quotation_subjectNuclear TheoryFOS: Physical sciencesRotary inertiaInertia114 Physical sciences01 natural sciencesbinding energy and massesMoment of inertia factorNuclear Theory (nucl-th)symbols.namesake0103 physical sciences010306 general physicsRotational partition functionEuler's equationsEQUATIONSmedia_commonPhysicsta114nuclear density functional theory010308 nuclear & particles physicstiheysfunktionaaliteoriacollective modelsMoment of inertianuclear structure and decayssuprajuoksevuusRotational energyClassical mechanicssuperfluiditysymbolsydinfysiikka
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Optimising experimental research in respiratory diseases: an ERS statement

2018

Experimental models are critical for the understanding of lung health and disease and are indispensable for drug development. However, the pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the models is often unclear. Further, the use of animals in biomedical research is controversial from an ethical perspective.The objective of this task force was to issue a statement with research recommendations about lung disease models by facilitating in-depth discussions between respiratory scientists, and to provide an overview of the literature on the available models. Focus was put on their specific benefits and limitations. This will result in more efficient use of resources and greater reduction in the numb…

Animal Experimentation0301 basic medicinePulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyBiomedical ResearchStatement (logic)Advisory CommitteeseducationMEDLINEDiseaseLung injury[SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tractHIGHLAND WHITE TERRIERSACUTE LUNG INJURY03 medical and health sciencesIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis0302 clinical medicineINBRED MOUSE STRAINSPulmonary fibrosisAnimalsHumansMedicineIntensive care medicineSocieties MedicalALLERGIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATIONbusiness.industryCOMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIACIGARETTE-SMOKE EXPOSURERespiration Disordersmedicine.diseaseDISTRESS-SYNDROME3. Good healthEuropeDisease Models Animal030104 developmental biologyANIMAL-MODELS030228 respiratory systemDrug developmentData qualityARTERIAL-HYPERTENSIONIDIOPATHIC PULMONARY-FIBROSISbusiness
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Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of beta-agonists in animal feed and drinking w…

2010

A reproducible, sensitive and selective multiresidue analytical method for seven beta-agonists: clenbuterol (CBT), clenpenterol (CPT), ractopamine (RTP), brombuterol (BBT), mabuterol (MBT), mapenterol (MPT), and hydroxymethylclenbuterol (HMCBT) was developed and validated by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in feed and drinking water samples. The validation was achieved according to the criteria laid down in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, however it was necessary to use minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) proposed by the Community Reference Laboratories (CRLs) due to the lack of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for beta-agonists. By setting up these…

Animal feedBiochemistryHigh-performance liquid chromatographySensitivity and SpecificityAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometryTandem Mass SpectrometryWater SupplyPhenethylaminesSample preparationResidue (complex analysis)ChromatographyMabuterolOrganic ChemistryReproducibility of ResultsWaterGeneral MedicineAdrenergic beta-AgonistsAnimal FeedRactopaminechemistryEthanolaminesLinear ModelsWater qualityChromatography LiquidJournal of chromatography. A
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Changes in Body Composition in Anorexia Nervosa : Predictors of Recovery and Treatment Outcome

2015

The restoration of body composition (BC) parameters is considered to be one of the most important goals in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about differences between AN diagnostic subtypes [restricting (AN-R) and binge/purging (AN-BP)] and weekly changes in BC during refeeding treatment. Therefore, the main objectives of our study were twofold: 1) to assess the changes in BC throughout nutritional treatment in an AN sample and 2) to analyze predictors of BC changes during treatment, as well as predictors of treatment outcome. The whole sample comprised 261 participants [118 adult females with AN (70 AN-R vs. 48 AN-BP), and 143 healthy controls].…

Anorexia Nervosa:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders::Binge-Eating Disorder [Medical Subject Headings]Body water:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:MedicineÍndice de masa corporalAnorexia nervosaMetabolismo basal:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]FatsImpedancia eléctricaadolescentslcsh:Science:Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Eating Disorders::Anorexia Nervosa [Medical Subject Headings]eating-disordersBody mass indexMetasMultidisciplinaryBulimia nervosaFemeninoAnorèxia nerviosaTrastorno por atracónModelos logísticos:Anatomy::Tissues::Connective Tissue::Adipose Tissue [Medical Subject Headings]HumanosTreatment OutcomeBasal metabolic rate measurementfat distributionbioelectrical-impedanceBody CompositionEating disordersObesitatFemalewomenmedicine.symptomBioelectrical impedance analysisResearch ArticleAdultTejido adiposomedicine.medical_specialtyPatient Dropoutsweight-gainwaterPes corporal:Anatomy::Fluids and Secretions::Body Fluids::Body Water [Medical Subject Headings]Anorexia nerviosa:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Motivation::Goals [Medical Subject Headings]Internal medicine:Health Care::Health Care Quality Access and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms::Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)::Outcome Assessment (Health Care)::Treatment Outcome [Medical Subject Headings]medicineTreatment guidelinesHumansObesityComposición corporal:Health Care::Health Care Quality Access and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms::Statistics as Topic::Models Statistical::Logistic Models [Medical Subject Headings]Trastorns de la conducta alimentàriabusiness.industrylcsh:Renergy-expenditureduration:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques Endocrine::Thyroid Function Tests::Basal Metabolism [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Body Composition [Medical Subject Headings]Anorexia nervosaBody weightmedicine.diseaseObesityAgua corporalEndocrinology:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Bulimia nervosaCase-Control StudiesBasal metabolic ratelcsh:QResultado del tratamiento:Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Magnetic Phenomena::Electromagnetic Phenomena::Electricity::Electric Conductivity::Electric Impedance [Medical Subject Headings]businessBody mass indexWeight gain
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The Smith-Robinson Approach to the Subaxial Cervical Spine: A Stepwise Microsurgical Technique Using Volumetric Models From Anatomic Dissections.

2020

BACKGROUND: The Smith-Robinson1 approach (SRA) is the most widely used route to access the anterior cervical spine. Although several authors have described this approach, there is a lack of the stepwise anatomic description of this operative technique. With the advent of new technologies in neuroanatomy education, such as volumetric models (VMs), the understanding of the spatial relation of the different neurovascular structures can be simplified. OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomy of the SRA through the creation of VMs of anatomic dissections. METHODS: A total of 4 postmortem heads and a cervical replica were used to perform and record the SRA approach to the C4-C5 level. The most relevant…

Anterior cervical approachAnterior cervical approach Anterior neck Cervical spine Smith-Robinson approach Surgical anatomy Volumetric modelsmedicine.medical_treatmentSurgical planningNOSmith-Robinson approach03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSurgical anatomyVolumetric modelsCervical spinePlatysma musclemedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineAnterior neckAnterior neckbusiness.industryDissectionSurgical anatomyAnatomyMicrosurgeryNeurovascular bundleCervical spineDissectionCervical VertebraeNeck DissectionSurgeryNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeckDiskectomyOperative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
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Anti-inflammatory and tight junction protective activity of the herbal preparation STW 5-II on mouse intestinal organoids

2021

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder, in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. STW 5-II is a combination of six medicinal herbs with a clinically proven efficacy in managing IBS. Aim This study aims to establish an in vitro IBS model using mouse intestinal organoids and to explore the anti-inflammatory and tight junction protective activities of the multi-herbal preparation STW 5-II. Methods Intestinal organoids were cultured in 1:1 Matrigel™ and medium domes. Inflammation and tight junction disruption were induced by a cocktail of cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6) and bacterial proteins (LPS,…

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsPharmaceutical ScienceInflammationPharmacologyTight JunctionsProinflammatory cytokineIrritable Bowel SyndromeMice03 medical and health sciencesOrgan Culture Techniques0302 clinical medicineWestern blotDownregulation and upregulationDrug DiscoverymedicineOrganoidAnimalsComputer SimulationIntestinal MucosaIrritable bowel syndrome030304 developmental biologyPharmacology0303 health sciencesTight junctionmedicine.diagnostic_testPlant Extractsbusiness.industryNF-kappa Bmedicine.diseaseIntestinesOrganoidsDisease Models AnimalSTAT1 Transcription FactorGene Expression RegulationComplementary and alternative medicine030220 oncology & carcinogenesisZonula Occludens-1 ProteinMolecular MedicineTumor necrosis factor alphaInflammation Mediatorsmedicine.symptombusinessPhytomedicine
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Protective immunity against Echinostoma caproni in rats is induced by Syphacia muris infection.

2012

Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory and can interfere with the development of unrelated biological assays. In this context, we analysed the effect of a patent S. muris infection in Wistar rats on a superimposed infection with the intestinal trematode, Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The results indicate that in the rats, infection with S. muris induces an immunity against a subsequent infection with E. caproni, although each parasite occupies different niches in the host. Echinostoma caproni worm recovery was significantly decreased in the rats primarily infected with S. muris and, at 3 and 4 weeks pos…

Antibodies HelminthIleumContext (language use)Trematode InfectionsImmunityIleumOxyuroideamedicineParasite hostingHelminthsAnimalsIntestinal MucosaRats WistarImmunity MucosalDisease ResistanceOxyuriasisEchinostomatidaebiologyMucinbiology.organism_classificationRatsDisease Models AnimalInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureNematodeImmunologyParasitologyFemaleTrematodaInternational journal for parasitology
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Peptides of the Constant Region of Antibodies Display Fungicidal Activity

2012

Synthetic peptides with sequences identical to fragments of the constant region of different classes (IgG, IgM, IgA) of antibodies (Fc-peptides) exerted a fungicidal activity in vitro against pathogenic yeasts, such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Malassezia furfur, including caspofungin and triazole resistant strains. Alanine-substituted derivatives of fungicidal Fc-peptides, tested to evaluate the critical role of each residue, displayed unaltered, increased or decreased candidacidal activity in vitro. An Fc-peptide, included in all human IgGs, displayed a therapeutic effect against experimental mucosal and systemic candidiasis in mouse models. It is in…

Antifungal AgentsErythrocyteslcsh:MedicineImmunoglobulin Gchemistry.chemical_compoundEchinocandinsMiceCaspofunginCandida albicanslcsh:ScienceCandida albicansMice Inbred BALB CMultidisciplinarybiologyCandidiasisAnimal ModelsInfectious DiseasesMedicineFemaleMalasseziaImmunoglobulin Constant RegionsResearch ArticleImmunologyMycologyMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMicrobiologyHemolysisAntibodiesMicrobiologyLipopeptidesImmune systemModel OrganismsDrug Resistance FungalmedicineAnimalsHumansBiologyCryptococcus neoformansMalasseziaCandida glabratalcsh:RImmunityTriazolesbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseImmunoglobulin ADisease Models AnimalchemistryImmunoglobulin MImmunoglobulin Gbiology.proteinCryptococcus neoformanslcsh:QSystemic candidiasisCaspofunginPeptidesPLoS ONE
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Disruption of the Candida albicans ATC1 gene encoding a cell-linked acid trehalase decreases hypha formation and infectivity without affecting resist…

2007

In Candida albicans, the ATC1 gene, encoding a cell wall-associated acid trehalase, has been considered as a potentially interesting target in the search for new antifungal compounds. A phenotypic characterization of the double disruptant atc1Delta/atc1Delta mutant showed that it was unable to grow on exogenous trehalose as sole carbon source. Unlike actively growing cells from the parental strain (CAI4), the atc1Delta null mutant displayed higher resistance to environmental insults, such as heat shock (42 degrees C) or saline exposure (0.5 M NaCl), and to both mild and severe oxidative stress (5 and 50 mM H(2)O(2)), which are relevant during in vivo infections. Parallel measurements of int…

Antifungal AgentsHot TemperatureMutantGlutathione reductaseHyphaemedicine.disease_causeMicrobiologyMicrobiologySuperoxide dismutasechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceOsmotic PressureCandida albicansmedicineMorphogenesisAnimalsTrehalaseTrehalaseCandida albicansMicrobial ViabilitybiologyVirulenceSuperoxide DismutaseCandidiasisTrehaloseHydrogen Peroxidemedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationCatalaseTrehaloseSurvival AnalysisDisease Models AnimalOxidative StressGlutathione Reductasechemistrybiology.proteinFemaleSystemic candidiasisOxidative stressGene DeletionMicrobiology (Reading, England)
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