Search results for " Muscle"
showing 10 items of 1495 documents
Growth hormone replacement therapy prevents sarcopenia by a dual mechanism: improvement of protein balance and of antioxidant defenses.
2013
The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in three of the main mechanisms involved in sarcopenia: alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, increase in oxidative stress, and alterations in protein balance. We used young and old Wistar rats that received either placebo or low doses of GH to reach normal insulin-like growth factor-1 values observed in the young group. We found an increase in lean body mass and plasma and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in the old animals treated with GH. We also found a lowering of age-associated oxidative damage and an induction of antioxidant enzymes in the skeletal muscle of the treated animals. GH…
Changes in myosin heavy chain composition with heavy resistance training in 60- to 75-year-old men and women.
2001
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in the vastus lateralis muscle from elderly men and women, and to determine whether heavy resistance training influences its expression. Twenty healthy, mildly physically active subjects gave their informed consent to participate in the study. The experimental group consisted of seven men and seven women [mean (SD) age 65.5 (4.1) years] and the control group consisted of three men and three women [mean (SD) age 62.3 (3.6) years]. The 6-month resistance training program was divided into two phases with weeks 1-12 consisting of high-intensity resistance training, and weeks 13-24 involving power training. M…
Uvular paralysis after dental anesthesia
2002
Cranial nerve motor effects resulting from intraoral anesthesia are infrequent but well documented. Facial nerve involvement caused by diffusion of the anesthetic solution towards the parotid can give rise to a transient facial motor defect that tends to disappear as the anesthetic effect wears off.1,2 Facial paralysis lasting for several days has also been related to intraoral anesthesia, possibly due to reflex spasm and ischemic neuritis.1,3 One report described a patient with isolated involvement of the chorda tympani nerve following inferior alveolar injection, associated with dysgeusia.4 Ophthalmologic complications secondary to intraoral anesthesia include transient blindness resultin…
Effects of experimental type 1 diabetes and exercise training on angiogenic gene expression and capillarization in skeletal muscle.
2006
Diabetes alters microvascular structure and function and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In diabetic skeletal muscle, impaired angiogenesis and reduced VEGF-A expression have been observed, whereas in healthy muscle exercise is known to have opposite effects. We studied the effects of type 1 diabetes and combined exercise training on angiogenic mRNA expression and capillarization in mouse skeletal muscle. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that diabetes altered the expression of several genes involved in angiogenesis. For example, levels of proangiogenic VEGF-A, VEGF-B, neuropilin-1, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were reduced and the levels of antiangiogenic thrombospon…
Acid proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles after prolonged submaximal exercise
1980
Acid proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac muscle and in predominantly white (distal head of m. vastus lateralis) or predominantly red (proximal red heads of m. vastus lateralis, m. v. medialis, and m. v. intermedius) skeletal muscle was estimated 5 days after 3 h, 6 h or 9 h prolonged running at a speed of 13.5 m/min. The activities of acid protease and beta-glucuronidase together with the rate of acid autolysis considerably increased in both skeletal muscle types, especially in red muscle, but did not increase in cardiac muscle. Acid proteolytic capacity and beta-glucuronidase activity increased in relation to the duration of running. Protein content and oxidative capacity (the activities…
Effects of Leucine Administration in Sarcopenia: A Randomized and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
2020
Treating sarcopenia in older individuals remains a challenge, and nutritional interventions present promising approaches in individuals that perform limited physical exercise. We assessed the efficacy of leucine administration to evaluate whether the regular intake of this essential amino acid can improve muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance and respiratory muscle function in institutionalized older individuals. The study was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind design in fifty participants aged 65 and over (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03831399). The participants were randomized to a parallel group intervention of 13 weeks&rsquo
Ipsilateral facial weakness in upper medullary infarction-supranuclear or infranuclear origin?
1999
We describe two patients with upper medullary infarctions showing ipsilateral facial weakness and relative sparing of the upper facial muscles. Electrophysiological follow-up using transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in combination with stimulation of the peripheral facial nerve disclosed a supranuclear (corticofacial) tract lesion in one patient and a partial nuclear/infranuclear intra-axial facial nerve lesion in another.
Gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin: Analysis of the mechanism of action
2009
Abstract Aims Recently, flavonoids have been shown to cause murine gastric relaxation. In the present study we examined the mechanism of action underlying gastric relaxation induced by apigenin and quercetin in isolated mouse stomach. Main methods The mechanical activity from the whole stomach was detected as changes in the endoluminal pressure and the response to increasing concentrations of both flavonoids were tested before and after different pharmacological treatments. Key findings Apigenin and quercetin-induced a concentration-dependent gastric relaxation, apigenin being more potent than quercetin. The responses were unaffected by 2′5′dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclas…
Normal weight obesity and physical fitness in Chinese university students: an overlooked association
2018
Background The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of normal weight obesity (NWO) with physical fitness in Chinese university students. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether possible differences in physical fitness between students classified as NWO and normal weight non-obese (NWNO) were mediated by skeletal muscles mass. Methods A total of 383 students (205 males and 178 females, aged 18–24 years) from two universities volunteered to participate in this study. Body height and weight were measured by standard procedures and body composition was assessed by bio-impedance analysis (InBody 720). NWO was defined by a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of >…
Angiotensin II contractile effects in mouse colon: role for pre- and post-junctional AT1A receptors
2013
Aim This study investigates whether a local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) exists in mouse colon and whether angiotensin II (Ang II) may play a role in the regulation of the contractile activity. Methods Isometric recordings were performed in vitro on the longitudinal muscle of mouse proximal and distal colon. Transcripts encoding for RAS components were investigated by RT-PCR. Results Ang II caused, in both preparations, a concentration-dependent contractile effect, antagonized by losartan, AT1 receptor antagonist, but not by PD123319, AT2 receptor antagonist. The combination of losartan plus PD123319 caused no change on the Ang II-induced contraction than losartan alone. Tetrodotoxin, neu…