Search results for " Muscle"

Voluntary Running Aids to Maintain High Body Temperature in Rats Bred for High Aerobic Capacity

2016

The production of heat, i.e., thermogenesis, is a significant component of the metabolic rate, which in turn affects weight gain and health. Thermogenesis is linked to physical activity (PA) level. However, it is not known whether intrinsic exercise capacity, aging, and long-term voluntary running affect core body temperature. Here we use rat models selectively bred to differ in maximal treadmill endurance running capacity (Low capacity runners, LCR and High capacity Runners, HCR), that as adults are divergent for aerobic exercise capacity, aging, and metabolic disease risk to study the connection between PA and body temperature. Ten high capacity runner (HCR) and ten low capacity runner (L…

Expression Pattern of Angiogenic Factors in Healthy Heart in Response to Physical Exercise Intensity

2019

Recently, many studies showing the regeneration potential of both cardiac and hematopoietic stem cells in adult heart following injury were definitively retracted by the literature. Therefore, stimulating myocardial angiogenesis becomes to be important for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Regular endurance exercise has been reported to induce capillary growth in healthy and diseased myocardium resulting in cardioprotective phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated a significantly increased capillary proliferation in mouse hearts following 30 and 45 days of endurance training. In the present study, we examined the localization and expression pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor rece…

Smooth muscle and neural dysfunction contribute to different phases of murine postoperative ileus.

2015

Background Postoperative ileus (POI) is characterized by a transient inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) motility after abdominal surgery mediated by the inflammation of the muscularis externa (ME). The aim of this study was to identify alterations in the enteric nervous system that may contribute to the pathogenesis of POI. Methods Gastrointestinal transit, contractility of isolated smooth muscle strips and inflammatory parameters were evaluated at different time points (1.5 h to 10 days) after intestinal manipulation (IM) in mice. Immune-labeling was used to visualize changes in myenteric neurons. Key Results Intestinal manipulation resulted in an immediate inhibition of GI transit recove…

Cardiovascular disease in aging: an overview on thoracic aortic aneurysm as an emerging inflammatory disease

2017

Medial degeneration associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection was originally described by Erdheim as a noninflammatory lesion related to the loss of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibre fragmentation in the media. Recent evidences propose the strong role of a chronic immune/inflammatory process in aneurysm evocation and progression. The coexistence of inflammatory cells with markers of apoptotic vascular cell death in the media of ascending aorta with aneurysms and type A dissections raises the possibility that activated T cells and macrophages may contribute to the elimination of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the matrix. On the other hand, several infla…

The potassium channels TASK2 and TREK1 regulate functional differentiation of murine skeletal muscle cells.

2015

Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels influence basic cellular parameters such as resting membrane potential, cellular excitability, or intracellular Ca2+-concentration [Ca2+]i. While the physiological importance of K2P channels in different organ systems (e.g., heart, central nervous system, or immune system) has become increasingly clear over the last decade, their expression profile and functional role in skeletal muscle cells (SkMC) remain largely unknown. The mouse SkMC cell line C2C12, wild-type mouse muscle tissue, and primary mouse muscle cells (PMMs) were analyzed using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical stainings as well as functional analysis includin…

2019

Background/aims Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common type of injury occurring in sports, and investigating skeletal muscle regeneration as well as understanding the related processes is an important aspect of the sports medicine field. The process of regeneration appears to be complex and precisely orchestrated, involving fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) which are a muscle-resident stem cell population that appears to play a major role in abnormal development of fibrotic tissue or intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Our present study aims to investigate whether muscle resting or endurance exercise following muscle injury may change the behavior of FAPs and subsequently impact th…

Endurance Training Counteracts the High-Fat Diet-Induced Profiling Changes of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Skeletal Muscle of Middle-Aged Rats.

2019

Purpose To investigate the effects of endurance training on the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their distribution among lipid classes in skeletal muscle in middle aged, high-fat diet fed rats. Method Thirty 10-month old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to four groups. Two groups of rats remained sedentary and were fed chow diet (C group), or high-fat diet (H group), respectively. The other two groups of rats were subjected to endurance training while maintaining their chow diet (EC group), or high-fat diet (EH group). After 16 weeks endurance training and/or diet intervention, the content of ω-3 PUFAs and ω-3 PUFA-containing lipids in rat soleus muscle wer…

MicroRNAs in Muscle: Characterizing the Powerlifter Phenotype

2017

Powerlifters are the epitome of muscular adaptation and are able to generate extreme forces. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the significant capacity for force generation and hypertrophy are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNA sequences that control gene expression via promotion of transcript breakdown and/or translational inhibition. Differences in basal miR expression may partially account for phenotypic differences in muscle mass and function between powerlifters and untrained age-matched controls. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis of 15 national level powerlifters (25.1 ± 5.8 years) and 13 untrained controls (24.1 ± 2.0 years). The …

Evaluation of an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Cocktail Against Human Hypoactivity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning

2020

International audience; Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function induced by muscle disuse is a crucial issue in the context of spaceflight as well as in the clinical field, and development of efficient countermeasures is needed. Recent studies have reported the importance of redox balance dysregulation as a major mechanism leading to muscle wasting. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (741 mg of polyphenols, 138 mg of vitamin E, 80 mu g of selenium, and 2.1 g of omega-3) in the prevention of muscle deconditioning induced by long-term inactivity. The study consisted of 60 days of hypoactivi…

Age and muscle function are more closely associated with intracellular magnesium, as assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, than with serum…

2019

Total serum magnesium is a common clinical measurement for assessing magnesium status; however, magnesium in blood represents less than 1% of the body’s total magnesium content. We measured intramuscular ionized magnesium by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and tested the hypothesis that this measure better correlates with skeletal muscle function and captures more closely the effect of aging than the traditional measure of total serum magnesium. Data were collected from 441 participants (age 24–98 years) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), a study of normative aging that encompasses a broad age range. Results showed that intramuscular ionized magnesium …