Search results for " Mycorrhiza"
showing 10 items of 178 documents
The mycorrhizal soil infectivity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities in soils of different aged fallows in Senegal
2001
This work was carried out to determine the influence of the duration of fallow and of physico-chemical components of soils on the distribution of endomycorrhizal fungal spores and the mycorrhizal soil infectivity. The mycorrhization of indigenous plants from the fallows was examined and it was concluded that, except for Cassia obtusifolia, fungal colonization was poorly developed. No correlation was established between spore populations and duration of fallow or between grazed and fenced areas. The relationships between abundance of mycorrhizal spores and the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils were markedly variable among species of mycorrhizal fungi. The results did not provide …
Regional-scale analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the case of Burgundy vineyards
2016
SPE IPM INRA UB; Aim : To improve knowledge of arbuscular fungal communities for a sustainable management in vineyards. Methods and results : In 16 plots across Burgundy under contrasted soil properties and agricultural practices, we assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity in vine roots, using pyrosequencing of ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS). AMF sequences could be retrieved from all plots across Burgundy, both in organic and in conventional vineyards with high chemical inputs. Sequences from the survey were almost exclusively affiliated to molecular taxa in the Glomerales, including six “core species” found in all plots, corresponding to 77% of all sequences, s…
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Georgia, the Caucasus region: the first report of species diversity and root colonization
2018
Although the Caucasus region belongs to the world biodiversity hotspots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have not been investigated in this area. A total of 11 mixtures of soils and roots from 11 localities in southern Georgia in an altitudinal gradient from 1 to 1560 m a. s. l. were sampled in 2015. AMF spores and arbuscular mycorrhiza were observed in all samples. Eight AMF species were found in the field-collected soils: Acaulospora bireticulata, Acaulospora cavernata, Funneliformis coronatum, Gigaspora gigantea, Glomus rubiforme, Scutellospora dipurpurescens, Septoglomus constrictum, and Septoglomus jasnowskae. The most frequently occurring species proved to be S. constrictum. Labora…
Faster acquisition of symbiotic partner by common mycorrhizal networks in early plant life stage
2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi usually improve plant performance yet our knowledge about their effects on seed germination and early plant establishment is very limited. We performed a factorial greenhouse experiment where the seeds from four low Arctic cooccurring mycorrhizal herbs (Antennaria dioica, Campanula rotundifolia, Sibbaldia procumbens, and Solidago virgaurea) were germinated alone or in the vicinity of an adult Sibbaldia plant with or without AM fungi; given either as spores or being present in a common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Three different AM fungal species were examined to assess species-specific differences in symbiont acquisition rate. Out of the four plant species i…
Carbon partitioning in a walnut-maize agroforestry system through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
2020
National audience; In tree-based intercropping systems, roots of trees and crops are interacting and could influence ecosystem services provided by soil microorganisms. Here, the analysis of diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) associated with roots of walnut and maize reveals differences. Of interest, Funneliformis genus is mainly associated with maize roots, and one OTU related to an uncultured Glomus, might form a common mycorrhizal network linking roots of both plants. In addition, the analysis of 13C of mycelium living in the surrounding environment of roots, suggest that part of the carbon derived from walnut trees could be transferred to maize plants. Our results suggest th…
Biogeography of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore traits along an aridity gradient, and responses to experimental rainfall manipulation
2020
Abstract Spore size, colour and melanin content are hypothesised to be functional in relation to environmental stress. Here, we studied AM fungal spores in arid environments of Australia and in an experimental platform simulating altered rainfall. We used microscopy and image analysis to measure spore colour and size, and a quantitative colorimetric assay to estimate melanin content in spores. In arid sites, melanin content tended to increase with increasing aridity. We observed a large range of spore colours at all sites but found a higher proportion of both dark and light spores, and fewer intermediate colours, in drier sites. Spore abundance and size varied among sites, but neither were …
Influence of plant traits, soil microbial properties, and abiotic parameters on nitrogen turnover of grassland ecosystems
2016
International audience; Although it is known that multiple interactions among plant functional traits, microbial properties , and abiotic soil parameters influence the nutrient turnover, the relative contribution of each of these groups of variables is poorly understood. We manipulated grassland plant functional composition and soil nitrogen (N) availability in a multisite mesocosm experiment to quantify their relative effects on soil N turnover. Overall, root traits, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, denitrification potential, as well as N availability and water availability, best explained the variation in measured ecosystem properties, especially the trade-off between nutrient sequest…
Responses of above- and below-ground fungal symbionts to cessation of mowing in subalpine grassland
2017
Abstract The cessation of mowing in subalpine grasslands promotes the dominance of Festuca paniculata leading to the reduction in plant diversity. Moreover, it affects positively the abundance of Epichloe sp. inhabiting F. paniculata leaves and negatively the soil density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We explored how the cessation of mowing influences root AMF communities in F. paniculata and the neighboring plants, and Epichloe sp alkaloids. Thirteen AMF operational taxonomical units were found. The neighboring plants affected positively the abundances of Aalpin and GLOM_7 whereas the interaction plant/management type influenced significantly Claroide_1 , GLOM_1 and GLOM_7 . The N…
Rootstock and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Combinatorial Effects on Eggplant Crop Performance and Fruit Quality under Greenhouse Conditions
2020
The herbaceous grafting of fruiting vegetables is considered a toolbox for safeguarding yield stability under various distresses and for improving fruit quality. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi seems also to be an efficient tool for increasing the assimilation, uptake and translocation of macroelements and microelements, for modulating plant secondary metabolism and for overcoming several forms of plant distress. The present work evaluated the combined effect of grafting the &ldquo
Ecological network analysis reveals the inter-connection between soil biodiversity and ecosystem function as affected by land use across Europe
2016
Soil organisms are considered drivers of soil ecosystem services (primary productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, water regulation) associated with sustainable agricultural production. Soil biodiversity was highlighted in the soil thematic strategy as a key component of soil quality. The lack of quantitative standardised data at a large scale has resulted in poor understanding of how soil biodiversity could be incorporated into legislation for the protection of soil quality. In 2011, the EcoFINDERS (FP7) project sampled 76 sites across 11 European countries, covering five biogeographical zones (Alpine, Atlantic, Boreal, Continental and Mediterranean) and three land-uses (arable, gra…