Search results for " Nerve"

Withdrawal reflex organisation to electrical stimulation of the dorsal foot in humans.

2001

The present study investigated excitatory reflex receptive fields for various muscle reflex responses and reflex mediated ankle joint movements using randomised electrical stimulation of the dorsal and plantar surface of the foot in 12 healthy subjects. Eleven electrodes (0.5-cm2 cathodes) were mounted on the dorsal side and three on the plantar side of the foot. A low (1.5 times pain threshold) and a high (2.3 times pain threshold) stimulus intensity were used to elicit the reflexes. EMG signals were recorded from tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), soleus (SO), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles together with the ankle movement measured by a goniometer. …

Acyclovir treatment in 2 patients with benign trigeminal sensory neuropathy

2001

Characterization of blink reflex interneurons by activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls in man.

1998

The blink reflex consists of an early, pontine R1-component and a late, medullary R2-component. R1 and R2 can be evoked by innocuous stimuli, but only the R2 also by painful heat, suggesting that the R2 is mediated by wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Remote noxious stimuli suppress the activity in WDR neurons via activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), whereas low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons (LTM) are unaffected. In order to characterize the trigeminal interneurons of R1 and R2 we investigated the modulation of the blink reflex by remote painful heat. The blink reflex was elicited in 11 healthy subjects by innocuous electrical pulse…

Roles of capsaicin-insensitive nociceptors in cutaneous pain and secondary hyperalgesia.

2001

Polymodal nociceptors respond to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli. Whereas sensitivities to heat and to the irritant substance capsaicin have recently been linked via the properties of the vanilloid receptor type 1 receptor ion channel, sensitivity to noxious mechanical stimuli such as the pinpricks used in clinical neurology seems to be unrelated. We investigated the peripheral neural basis of pinprick pain using quantitative psychophysical techniques combined with selective conduction block by nerve compression and selective desensitization by topical capsaicin treatment. Complete A-fibre block by compression of the superficial radial nerve (criterion: loss of first pain sensation…

The impact of baroreflex function on endogenous pain control: a microneurography study.

2015

The interaction between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to muscles [muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), burst frequency (BF) and burst incidence (BI)] and different stress and somatosensory stimuli is still unclear. Eighteen healthy men (median age 28 years) underwent microneurography recordings from the peroneal nerve. MSNA was recorded during heat pain (HP) and cold pain (CP) alone as well as combined with different stress tasks (mental arithmetic, singing, giving a speech). An additional nine healthy men (median age 26 years) underwent the stimulation protocol with an additional control task (thermal pain combined with listening to music) to evaluate possible attentional confo…

Histological findings in direct inguinal hernia

2013

Abstract BACKGROUND: The study is focused on recognizing the histological changes of the structures close to and around the hernia opening in patients having direct inguinal hernia. METHODS: In 15 patients with primary bilateral direct inguinal hernia who underwent a Stoppa open posterior inguinal hernia repair, tissue specimens from the abdominal wall surrounding a direct hernia border were excised for histological examination. These findings in patients with direct inguinal hernia were compared with tissue specimens excised from the fossa inguinalis media of cadavers without hernia. RESULTS: Significant degenerative modifications such as fibrohyaline degeneration and fatty substitution of…

Ocular Changes in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis I Receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy

2007

Objective To describe the progression of ocular changes in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Methods Three male and five female patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I were followed up for 4 years while undergoing enzyme replacement therapy with α-L-iduronidase (Aldurazyme). Visual acuity, corneal clouding, intraocular pressure, ophthalmoscopy, and optic disc measurements were performed yearly. Results Vision remained stable in 5 patients and deteriorated by at least 2 Snellen lines in 3 patients. Deterioration in 2 of these patients was related to progressive corneal clouding. Visual acuities improved in 1 patient after bilateral penetrating keratopl…

Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex on laser-evoked potentials in migraine.

2010

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) on subjective pain and evoked responses induced by laser stimulation (LEPs) of the contralateral hand and supraorbital zone in a cohort of migraine patients without aura during the inter-critical phase, and to compare the effects with those of non-migraine healthy controls. Thirteen migraine patients and 12 sex- and age-matched controls were evaluated. Each rTMS session consisted of 1,800 stimuli at a frequency of 5 Hz and 90% motor threshold intensity. Sham (control) rTMS was performed at the same stimulation position. The vertex …

Diaphragmatic paralysis following minor cervical trauma.

2007

Two asthmatic patients developed unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis from phrenic nerve injury, in one case following cervical chiropractic manipulation and in the other after a motorcycle accident. Both presented with increased dyspnea and orthopnea. Diagnosis, severity, and level of the lesion were established by neurophysiological methods, which are preferred to chest radiography and diaphragmatic ultrasonography. In spite of only partial electrophysiological recovery of the nerve, both patients were asymptomatic 1 year later.

Spinal cord monitoring during intraspinal extramedullary tumor operations (Peroneal nerve evoked responses)

1990

Longterm scalp recording of early SEP components triggered by peroneal or tibial nerve stimulation detects functional disturbances of spinal cord transmission due to mechanical trauma. We confirm previous observations that preoperative SEP patterns reflect neurological deficits and clearly show functional disturbances even on the side where they are not manifest. Peroneal nerve SEP have a well-known P40-peak corresponding to activities of neurons at the postcentral cortical layers. The P40-peak was identified in only 55% of our recordings. We therefore, tried to use the P50-peak that could be identified in 100% of the recordings under the difficult recording circumstances in the operating r…