Search results for " Nerve"

Fine adaptive control of precision grip without maximum pinch strength changes after median nerve mobilization

2020

ABSTRACTFine dexterity critically depends on information conveyed by the median nerve. While the effects of its compression and vibration are well characterized, little is known about longitudinal tension and excursion. Using a force-sensitive manipulandum, a numeric dynamometer and Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, we examined the adaptations of precision grip control, maximum pinch strength and fingertips pressure sensation threshold before and immediately after the application of longitudinal tension and excursion mobilizations applied on the median nerve. Grip (GF) and load (LF) forces applied by the thumb, index and major fingers were collected in 40 healthy young participants during thr…

Contribution de l’artère auriculaire postérieure à la vascularisation du nerf facial dans l’espace préstylien : étude anatomique et conséquences chir…

2008

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to establish a systematization of collateral branches originating from posterior auricular artery to facial nerve in prestylian space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty posterior auricular arteries were studied on 15 fresh cadavers after selective patent blue injection. We observed subsequent colouration of facial nerve. Number and topography of collateral branches were highlighted. RESULTS: Posterior auricular artery supplied facial nerve in 67%. Collateral branches dedicated to facial nerve could be classified into three types: type 1 corresponded to one artery in prestylian space, type 2 to several branches in prestylian space; finally type 3 featured s…

The influence of nimodipine on chromatolysis of motoneurons following axotomy with and without reinnervation: A quantitative image analysis

1996

Using a recently developed image analysis method to quantify the time course of chromatolysis in injured motorneurons we tested the effect of the calcium entry blocker nimodipine (1000 ppm in food pellets) on regenerating and degenerating motoneurons. Following facial-facial, hypoglossal-hypoglossal anastomosis with complete regeneration and following facial and hypoglossal nerve resection which causes a partial neuronal degeneration and postoperative survival times of 4 to 112 days, the texture of the Nissl substance of facial and hypoglossal motoneurons was analyzed on both sides of the brainstem in paraffin serial sections with a VIDASplus image analyzer. Monitoring alterations of the Ni…

Blocks of the Trunk and Perineum

1988

Intercostal nerve block was derived from thoracic paravertebral block. Its origin can thus be traced to the beginning of the century (see Sect. VII. B).

Opioid-Sensitive Peripheral Neuronal Activity in the Modulation of Gastric Mucosal Injury

1991

There is growing evidence that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones participate in the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa against damage. Animals pretreated systemically with capsaicin, at doses that lead to the ablation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, show an increase in the level of macro-scopically apparent mucosal damage in different experimental models of ulceration (Szolcsanyi and Bartho, 1981; Holzer and Sametz, 1986). Furthermore, acute stimulation with capsaicin of afferent nerve endings located in the gastric mucosa protects against different ulcerogenic mechanisms (Szolcsanyi and Bartho, 1981; Holzer and Lippe, 1988; Holzer et al., 1989).

Diagnostic Localizing Value of the Electrically Elicited Blink Reflex

1993

The blink reflex (BlinkR) following electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve consists of an early ipsilateral reflex component (R1) and bilateral late reflex components ipsilaterally (R2) and contralateral (R2c). An additional, and even later component, also bilateral, R3, R3c was first described by Penders and Delwaide [34] and so far has not been studied systematically.

Injection pressure mapping of intraneural vs. perineural injections: further lessons from cadaveric studies.

2018

Background The aim of the study was to investigate the difference between intraneural and perineural injection pressures in human cadavers. Targeted nerves included the cervical roots, the supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus, the sciatic-subgluteal nerve and the common peroneal and tibial nerves. Methods Ten readings were obtained for each nerve location. Over ten seconds, 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl was injected - deliberately slower than in clinical practice to eliminate the risk of aberrant readings relating to the speed of injection. Perineural injections occurred at least 1 mm outside the epineurium. After pressure recordings were completed 0.1mL of dye was injected, and dissecti…

Sacral neurostimulation and neuromodulation in urological practice

2000

The problems associated with treating various forms of lower tract dysfunction by electrical stimulation are reflected in the many years of basic and clinical research in this area. However, better understanding of both neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and development of new technologies have led to further application of electrical current to restore impaired bladder function. Contemporary knowledge of the potential for both sacral neurostimulation and neuromodulation as a therapeutic option for lower urinary tract dysfunction is reviewed.

STUDIES ON NAD- AND NADP- DEPENDENT ENZYMES IN PERIPHERAL NERVE

1966

Molecular and kinetic properties of lactate dehydrogenase in the degenerating peripheral nerve

1966

Abstract Electrophoretic and catalytic studies have been carried out on lactate dehydrogenase of normal and transected sciatic nerves of the rat. Lactate dehydrogenase of the intact nerve exhibits an almost even distribution of activity among its component iso-enzymes. The complete transection of the nerve is responsible for a deep and immediate shift of the enzyme towards the so-called muscle type pattern. Seven days after the nerve section the percentage activity of iso-enzyme 5 is almost three times higher than in the intact nerve. After a short lag period lactate dehydrogenase specific activity (activity/mg protein) undergoes a sharp decrease in transected nerves. The return of the elec…