Search results for " Neuronal"
showing 10 items of 222 documents
Spinal neuronal correlates of tapentadol analgesia in cancer pain: A back-translational approach
2014
Background Pain is a common and highly debilitating complication for cancer patients significantly compromising their quality of life. Cancer-induced bone pain involves a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms including both inflammatory and neuropathic processes and also some unique changes. Strong opioids are a mainstay of treatments but side effects are problematic and can compromise optimal pain control. Tapentadol is a novel dual-action drug, both stimulating inhibitory μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and mediating noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (NRI) leading to activation of the inhibitory α-2 adrenoceptor. It has been demonstrated to treat effectively both acute and chronic pain. We he…
A model study for the progressive disruption of CA1 firing properties during Alzheimer’s disease
2011
Several independent studies show that β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptides accumulation, one of the characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), can affect the normal neuronal activity in different ways causing an increase or a decrease in neuronal membrane excitability. For example, experimental evidence for a negative impact on neuronal membrane in animal models of AD has been obtained in dual patch recordings in rat hippocampal tissue slices, in which Aβ blocked K channels in pyramidal cell dendrites, causing an increase in dendritic membrane excitability. The resulting increased Ca2+ influx and excitoxicity may lead to dendritic degeneration. However, further experimental evidence suggests t…
Opioid-Sensitive Peripheral Neuronal Activity in the Modulation of Gastric Mucosal Injury
1991
There is growing evidence that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones participate in the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa against damage. Animals pretreated systemically with capsaicin, at doses that lead to the ablation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons, show an increase in the level of macro-scopically apparent mucosal damage in different experimental models of ulceration (Szolcsanyi and Bartho, 1981; Holzer and Sametz, 1986). Furthermore, acute stimulation with capsaicin of afferent nerve endings located in the gastric mucosa protects against different ulcerogenic mechanisms (Szolcsanyi and Bartho, 1981; Holzer and Lippe, 1988; Holzer et al., 1989).
Photo-inhibition of Ab fibrillation mediated by a newly designed fluorinated oxadiazole
2015
Uncontrolled aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (A?) is the main cause of Alzheimer's Disease. Therapeutic approaches of intervention in amyloid diseases include the use of small molecules able to stabilize the soluble A? conformation, or to redirect the amyloidogenic pathway towards non-toxic and non-fibrillar states. Fluorometric measurements revealed that the 3-(4'-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, when irradiated, is able to interact with monomeric A? peptide readdressing the aggregation pathway toward the formation of amorphous aggregates as evidenced by means of CD, AFM, and SAXS measurements. We hypothesize that this compound, under radiation, forms a rea…
Estudio de la conectividad de los circuitos neuronales del bulbo olfatorio de los primates. Comparación de individuos control con casos de Parkinson
2015
La enfermedad de Parkinson es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa multisistémica que afecta al sistema nervioso central y periférico. Caracterizada por la degeneración selectiva de la neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia negra pars compacta (SNpc), se englobada dentro de las llamadas α-sinucleinopatías. El sello distintivo de esta patología es la propagación de agregados proteicos patológicos de α-sinucleína, en forma de cuerpos y neuritas de Lewy, a lo largo de todo el sistema nervioso. La sintomatología con la que cursa esta enfermedad puede clasificarse en dos grandes categorías: síntomas no motores o pre-clínicos y síntomas motores o clínicos. Cronológicamente, los primeros anteceden a …
Influencia de la estimulación eléctrica del Núcleo Incertus sobre la actividad del circuito hipocampo-amígdala- prefrontal
2023
El núcleo incertus (NI), sensible al estrés y parte del sistema reticular activador ascendente, proyecta a las principales estructuras implicadas en la generación y modulación del ritmo theta hipocámpico, por lo que ha sido relacionado con la respuesta al estrés y procesos cognitivos. El hipocampo, implicado en el aprendizaje y la memoria, presenta un gradiente dorsoventral conectivo y funcional. La región dorsal participa en la navegación espacial y las porciones ventral e intermedia se han asociado con respuestas emocionales y con el valor motivacional. Estudios previos han demostrado el papel regulador del NI sobre la actividad theta de hipocampo dorsal, pero se desconoce su papel sobre …
Neuronal structural plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: regulation by Dopamine and PSA-NCAM
2011
Although there is a decline in brain plasticity across lifespan, neurons in certain areas of the adult brain retain the ability to undergo synaptic, dendritic and spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. This neuronal structural plasticity seems to be the basis for many cognitive processes and it is crucial for adaptive responses to aversive experiences and recovery from brain damage and disease. Among the numerous candidate molecules that have been identified for mediating this neuronal remodeling, cell adhesion molecules and, specially, the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), are of particular interest. The addition of polysialic acid (PSA) to the NCAM is critical for the stru…
Tenascin gene expression in rat liver and in rat liver cells. In vivo and in vitro studies.
1991
Tenascin is a major glycoprotein constituent of the extracellular matrix with a strong affinity to fibronectin; its distribution is believed to be temporarily and spatially limited. Tenascin gene expression is increased during wound healing processes. As repair mechanisms in chronic liver diseases resemble wound healing we studied tenascin gene expression in rat liver and in isolated rat liver cells. In normal rat liver a tenascin specific antiserum stains sinusoidal cells with fiber-like prolongations, which at the same time are desmin-positive (ITO-cells). In the CCl4-acutely-damaged liver a strong tenascin staining is detected in cells located among the mononuclear cells of the inflammat…
Evoked local field potentials can explain temporal variation in blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in rat somatosensory cortex
2010
The aim of this study was to explain the temporal variations between subjects in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response. Somatosensory responses were elicited with the electrical forepaw stimulus at a frequency of 10 Hz in urethane-anesthetized rats, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with BOLD contrast and local field potential (LFP) measurements were performed simultaneously. BOLD fMRI activation was evaluated by two different models, one based on the stimulus paradigm (the block model) and the other on the simultaneously measured evoked LFP responses. In the initial analysis, the LFP model captured the BOLD activation in the primary somatosensory cortex in al…
Monitorización IoT para la caracterización acústica del paisaje sonoro mediante aprendizaje profundo
2022
El sonido que nos rodea forma lo que denominamos paisaje sonoro o soundscape y ha ido ganando interés con los años al estudiarse su efecto bajo el prisma de diferentes campos de investigación tanto biológicos como físicos, como la medicina, la antropología, la arquitectura o la ecología. El paisaje sonoro es fundamental para el confort, la vida y al fin y al cabo la salud de los habitantes de un entorno, por lo que analizarlo y describirlo de una manera objetiva mediante parámetros cuantificables tiene una gran importancia. Para ello se definen diversos parámetros acústicos que se emplean en función del soundscape que se desee estudiar o del tipo de análisis a realizar. Algunos de estos par…