Search results for " Obese"
showing 10 items of 43 documents
Obesity-associated deficits in inhibitory control are phenocopied to mice through gut microbiota changes in one-carbon and aromatic amino acids metab…
2021
Gut: first published.
NPC1L1 and ABCG5/8 induction explain synergistic fecal cholesterol excretion in ob/ob mice co-treated with PPAR-α and LXR agonists
2020
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and transintestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE) are two important pathways for body cholesterol elimination. We studied these pathways in an animal model of diabetes and obesity (ob/ob) where HDL function is compromised as a result of hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Co-treatment of ob/ob mice with PPAR-α (fenofibrate) and LXR (T0901317) agonists increased fecal cholesterol by 12-fold; PPAR-α and LXR agonists individually showed 2.6- and 4.0-fold fecal cholesterol excretion, respectively. We investigated the mechanism of synergistic efficacy of PPAR-α and LXR agonists in fecal cholesterol excretion. LXR agonist and the combination…
Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice
2015
Objective— The present study was conducted to investigate the contribution of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) to vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Approach and Results— Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, and vascular function was studied with myograph. In PVAT-free aortas isolated from obese mice, the endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide–mediated vasodilator response to acetylcholine remained normal. In contrast, a clear reduction in the vasodilator response to acetylcholine was observed in aortas from obese mice when PVAT was left in place. Adipocytes in PVAT were clearly positive in endothelial nitric oxide synthase…
Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
2020
[Background]: Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the go…
Resting energy expenditure and body composition in morbidly obese, obese and control subjects
1994
Resting energy expenditure (REE) was investigated by indirect calorimetry in relation to body composition and to different degrees of obesity in order to assess if a defective energy expenditure contributes to extra body fat accumulation. Differences were found between control subjects (group C; BMI 23 +/- 0.5 kg/m2, REE 5890 +/- 218 kJ/day; mean +/- SEM) and obese subjects (group O; BMI 34.2 +/- 0.9 kg/m2, REE 7447 +/- 360 kJ/day; P0.0001) and between group C and morbidly obese subjects (group MO; BMI 49.9 +/- 1.6 kg/m2, REE 8330 +/- 360 kJ/day; P0.0001); REE was not significantly different between groups O and MO. Body composition data were obtained by means of body impedance analysis. Ev…
Gut bacterial ClpB-like gene function is associated with decreased body weight and a characteristic microbiota profile
2020
[Background]: The chaperone ClpB, a bacterial protein, is a conformational antigen-mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) implicated in body weight regulation in mice. We here investigated the potential associations of gut bacterial ClpB-like gene function with obesity status and gut microbiota in humans.
The relationship between the rheological behavior of RBCs and angiogenesis in the morbidly obese
2018
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and deformability and angiogenesis parameters in obese patients. METHODS We studied 35 obese subjects and 20 non-obese people as a control group. Angiogenesis was detected using Bio-Plex Pro Human Angiogenesis Multiplex Assays. The RBC aggregation and deformability of the red blood cell aggregation were performed by the Laser-assisted Optical Rotational Cell Analyser - LORCA. RESULTS The aggregation index and the syllectogram's amplitude were significantly higher in the obese patients, whereas the aggregation half-time (t1/2) was lower compared with the control group. The deformabili…
Silibinin modulates lipid homeostasis and inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
2012
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased liver-related mortality. Disturbances in hepatic lipid homeostasis trigger oxidative stress and inflammation (ie, lipotoxicity), leading to the progression of NASH. This study aimed at identifying whether silibinin may influence the molecular events of lipotoxicity in a mouse model of NASH. Eight-week-old db/db mice were fed a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks and treated daily with silibinin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle. Liver expression and enzyme activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and acyl-CoA oxidase, and expression of liver fatty acid-binding protein were assessed. Hepatic levels of reactiv…
Alterations in the Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
2010
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays central roles in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Its alteration in activity contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Stimulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1receptor) increases feeding, enhances reward aspects of eating, and promotes lipogenesis, whereas its blockade decreases appetite, sustains weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity, and alleviates dysregulation of lipid metabolism. The hypothesis has been put forward that the eCB system is overactive in obesity. Hippocampal circuits are not directly involved in the neuronal control of food intake and appetite, but they play important roles in hed…
Anesthesiological Particularities in Bariatric Surgery
2011
Morbid obesity has become a global pandemic in recent years: 5% of the adult population of the USA are considered morbidly obese, i.e., have a BMI that exceeds 40. Every 90 seconds a US American dies of obesity and its consequences – making 1,000 people every day and 400,000 a year. This explains the dramatic rise of interest in bariatric procedures and with it in suitable anesthesiological methods.