Search results for " Obstructive."
showing 10 items of 477 documents
Time Required to Rectify Inhaler Errors Among Experienced Subjects With Faulty Technique
2017
BACKGROUND: Regardless of the device used, many patients have difficulty maintaining proper inhaler technique over time. Repeated education from caregivers is required to ensure persistence of correct inhaler technique, but no information is available to evaluate the time required to rectify inhaler errors in experienced users with a baseline faulty technique and whether this time of re-education to restore inhaler mastery can differ between devices. METHODS: This was a multicenter, single-visit, open-label, cross-sectional study in a large group of 981 adult subjects (mean ± SD age 64 ± 15 y) experienced with inhaler use, mainly suffering from COPD and asthma, who showed faulty inhaler tec…
Clusters of sleep apnoea phenotypes: A large pan-European study from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA)
2021
Background and objective: To personalize OSA management, several studies have attempted to better capture disease heterogeneity by clustering methods. The aim of this study was to conduct a cluster analysis of 23 000 OSA patients at diagnosis using the multinational ESADA. Methods: Data from 34 centres contributing to ESADA were used. An LCA was applied to identify OSA phenotypes in this European population representing broad geographical variations. Many variables, including symptoms, comorbidities and polysomnographic data, were included. Prescribed medications were classified according to the ATC classification and this information was used for comorbidity confirmation. Results: Eight cl…
Discriminative and predictive properties of disease-specific and generic health status indexes in elderly COPD patients
2008
Abstract Background The association between bronchial obstruction severity and mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is well established, but it is unknown whether disease-specific health status measures and multidimensional assessment (MDA) have comparable prognostic value. Methods We analyzed data coming from the Salute Respiratoria nell'Anziano (Respiratory Health in the Elderly – SaRA) study, enrolling elderly people attending outpatient clinics for respiratory and non-respiratory problems. From this population we selected 449 patients with bronchial obstruction (77.3% men, mean age 73.1). We classified patients' health status using tertiles of the Saint George Respi…
Indacaterol vs tiotropium in COPD patients classified as GOLD A and B
2015
SummaryIntroductionAccording to current GOLD strategy, patients with COPD classified as groups A and B may be treated with inhaled bronchodilators, either long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). However, there is little guidance on which class of agent is preferred and a lack of prospective data to differentiate the two.MethodsIn this study, we performed post-hoc analyses of pooled data from two prospective, controlled clinical trials comparing the LABA indacaterol and LAMA tiotropium in 1422 patients with moderate airflow limitation and no history of exacerbations in the previous year. This population fits the definitions of GOLD A and B groups and could …
High-resolution computed tomography quantitation of emphysema is correlated with selected lung function values in stable COPD
2012
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The literature shows conflicting results when high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores of emphysema were correlated with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We correlated HRCT scores of emphysema with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed HRCT of the chest in 59 patients, all smokers or ex-smokers, with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of different severity [GOLD stages I–IV; mean age ± SD 67.8 ± 7.3 years; pack/years 51.0 ± 34.6; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</su…
Patterns and predictors of low physical activity in patients with stable COPD: a longitudinal study
2020
Background: Despite the frequency and negative impact of low physical activity among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little is known about how it persists and remits over time or the factors predicting new states of low physical activity. The aim of the study was to determine the probability of a transition between states of low and nonlow physical activity in a cohort of patients with stable COPD followed for 2 years. We also investigated different potentially modifiable factors to determine whether they can predict new states of low physical activity. Methods: We prospectively included 137 patients with stable COPD (mean age 66.9 ± 8.3 years). Physical activity…
Decreased FOXP3 expression in small airways of smokers with COPD
2008
CD4+CD25+ FOXP3-positive T-regulatory cells have an important role in controlling immune and inflammatory reactions. The present authors hypothesise that these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to characterise the expression of FOXP3 in large and small airways of nonsmokers, smokers with normal lung function and COPD patients. A total of 19 nonsmokers, 20 smokers with normal lung function and 20 smokers with moderate COPD, undergoing lung resection for a solitary peripheral nonsmall cell carcinoma, were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate FOXP3 expression in large a…
Obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome in Mediterranean countries.
2011
To the Editors: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is often associated with metabolic disturbances, including altered glucose metabolism and dyslipidaemia, which probably contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients 1. The concept of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors has gained popularity in recent years, and a much higher prevalence of the MetS has been found in OSA patients compared with the general population in several studies 1. While the MetS largely reflects the effects of visceral obesity, environmental factors, i.e. the type of diet, could also play some role. The Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil and fish, is protective…
Airway inflammation in patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2004
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to be associated to upper airway inflammation. The object of the present study was to establish the presence of bronchial inflammation in OSAS subjects. In 16 subjects affected by OSAS, and in 14 healthy volunteers, airway inflammation was detected by the cellular analysis of the induced sputum. OSAS patients, as compared to control subjects, showed a higher percentage of neutrophils (66.7+/-18.9 vs. 25.8+/-15.6) (P<0.001) and a lower percentage of macrophages (29.4+/-18.4 vs. 70.8+/-15.3) (P<0.001). The percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes were not significantly different in the two groups. OSAS subjects show bronchial inflammatio…
Upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor in smokers with chronic bronchitis
2006
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, in the central airways of smokers with chronic bronchitis. The lobar bronchi from 17 subjects undergoing thoracotomy for solitary nodules were examined. All had a history of cigarette smoking, nine had symptoms of chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation, and eight were asymptomatic with normal lung function. Using immunohistochemical methods, bFGF and FGFR-1 expression in the total airway wall and the different airway compartments, i.e. bronchial glands, submucosal vessels and smooth muscle, was quantified. Moreover, to investigate t…