Search results for " Organism"

Physiological Effects of Thiobencarb Stress in the Eel (<i>Anguilla anguilla</i>)

2002

ヨーロッパウナギ Anguilla anguilla の代謝系へのチオベンカルブの影響と, 中毒からの回復とを評価した. 暴露期間ならびにそれに続く非汚染水中での8日間のウナギの血漿, 筋肉, 肝臓についてグリコーゲン, 脂質およびタンパクを測定した. 暴露により血糖値の上昇が認められたが, 肝臓と筋肉におけるグリコーゲンレベルは著しく低下した. 血中の脂質は増加したが, 肝臓での脂質は顕著に減少した. タンパク質の易動化は, とくに筋肉組織で認められた. ほとんどの代謝障害は, 非汚染水へ移した8日後まで継続した. 以上のチオベンカルブの代謝系への影響はある種のストレス症状であり, 魚類の農薬ストレスを代償しようとする生理的適応の具体例と考えられた.

Metallothionein in the freshwater gastropod Melanopsis dufouri chronically exposed to cadmium: A methodological approach

2010

Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of differential pulse polarography (DPP) for metallothionein (MT) determination in marine gastropod tissues, particularly the digestive gland, requires taking into account the presence of heat-stable high molecular weight compounds that exhibit polarographic signal. In the present paper, similar compounds were identified in tissues from the freshwater snail Melanopsis dufouri which also interfere with MT determination by DPP and, due to their silver binding capacity, also interfere in the silver assay for MT quantification. Ultrafiltration seems to be effective in removing these high molecular weight compounds from heat-denatured homogenate su…

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease pathogenesis: a role for developmental programming and altered circadian rhythms.

2013

Objectives Emerging evidence suggests that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and the recently described non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) but involved mechanisms remain unclear. Using a pathophysiologically relevant murine model, we here investigated a role for the biological clock - molecular core circadian genes (CCG) in the generation of NAFPD. Design Female C57BL6 mice were fed an obesogenic diet (OD) or standard chow (SC) for 6 weeks, prior to pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation: resulting offspring were subsequently weaned onto either OD (Ob_Ob and Con_Ob) or standard chow (Ob_Con and Con_Con) for 6 months. Biochemical, pro-inflammatory and…

Fugitives in transit. The Spanish Republican exile through Portugal (1936-1950)

2017

Despite scant attention from historiography, Portugal played an important role as a way station on the road to exile for many Republicans during and after the Spanish Civil War. The situation in the neighbouring country was not easy for these people, as Antonio Oliveira de Salazar’s regime —officially allied with Franco’s Spain— did not recognize them as political refugees, but as illegal immigrants to be returned to Spain, which would have catastrophic consequences for many of them. Through the analysis of abundant primary sources in archives from Spain, Portugal, Mexico and the United States, we seek to understand the details of this Portuguese stage of the exile. We discover how, despite…

Shedding light on the elusive role of endothelial cells in cytomegalovirus dissemination.

2011

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently transmitted by solid organ transplantation and is associated with graft failure. By forming the boundary between circulation and organ parenchyma, endothelial cells (EC) are suited for bidirectional virus spread from and to the transplant. We applied Cre/loxP-mediated green-fluorescence-tagging of EC-derived murine CMV (MCMV) to quantify the role of infected EC in transplantation-associated CMV dissemination in the mouse model. Both EC- and non-EC-derived virus originating from infected Tie2-cre + heart and kidney transplants were readily transmitted to MCMV-naïve recipients by primary viremia. In contrast, when a Tie2-cre + transplant was infected by pri…

The viral chemokine MCK-2 of murine cytomegalovirus promotes infection as part of a gH/gL/MCK-2 complex.

2013

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) forms two gH/gL glycoprotein complexes, gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/pUL(128,130,131A), which determine the tropism, the entry pathways and the mode of spread of the virus. For murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), which serves as a model for HCMV, a gH/gL/gO complex functionally homologous to the HCMV gH/gL/gO complex has been described. Knock-out of MCMV gO does impair, but not abolish, virus spread indicating that also MCMV might form an alternative gH/gL complex. Here, we show that the MCMV CC chemokine MCK-2 forms a complex with the glycoprotein gH, a complex which is incorporated into the virion. We could additionally show that mutants lacking both, gO and MCK-2 are not ab…

Drosophila as a Model System for the Identification of Pharmacological Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a very important problem in our current society, as they are usually associated with the aging process. NDs are devastating disorders that lead to severe disabilities and ultimately to death and have a considerable impact on human health. Although intense efforts are being made to shed light on the pathophysiology underlying these diseases, an important concern is that NDs are incurable and existing therapies are only directed to relieve their symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches against NDs is urgent and challenging. In such a scenario, Drosophila is a very valuable model organ…

Correction: Recovery from Toxic-Induced Demyelination Does Not Require the NG2 Proteoglycan.

2018

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163841.].

Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms.

2009

Abstract In view of the increasing interest in the possible role played by hospital and municipal wastewater systems in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biofilms were investigated using enterococci, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and heterotrophic bacteria as indicator organisms. In addition to wastewater, biofilms were also investigated in drinking water from river bank filtrate to estimate the occurrence of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes, thus indicating possible transfer from wastewater and surface water to the drinking water distribution network. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were characterized by antibiograms, and the vanA resistance gene was detect…

2015

Marine indole alkaloids comprise a large and steadily growing group of secondary metabolites. Their diverse biological activities make many compounds of this class attractive starting points for pharmaceutical development. Several marine-derived indoles were found to possess cytotoxic, antineoplastic, antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, in addition to the action on human enzymes and receptors. The newly isolated indole alkaloids of marine origin since the last comprehensive review in 2003 are reported, and biological aspects will be discussed.