Search results for " PSI"
showing 10 items of 2972 documents
Brief report: Assessing dispositional optimism in adolescence – Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Life Orientation Test – Revised
2014
Dispositional optimism is an individual difference promoting psychosocial adjustment and well-being during adolescence. Dispositional optimism was originally defined as a one-dimensional construct; however, empirical evidence suggests two correlated factors in the Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R).The main aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensionality of the LOT-R. This study is the first attempt to identify the best factor structure, comparing congeneric, two correlated-factor, and two orthogonal-factor models in a sample of adolescents. Concurrent validity was also assessed.The results demonstrated the superior fit of the two orthogonal-factor model thus reconciling the one-di…
Sviluppo e formazione della personalità. Nascita ed evoluzione della comunicazione nel bambino
2005
Personības veidošanās kolektīvā
1989
Krājumā ietverti materiāli par personības veidošanos skolas un augstskolas kolektīvos. Pētīti kritēriji, kas nosaka personības izveidošanos, individuālo attīstību.
Self-awareness, Perspective-taking, and Egocentrism
2016
AbstractThe present experiment examined the effect of self-awareness on adult perspective-taking and egocentrism. After having indicated their own opinion on an ecology-related topic, university students estimated a fellow student’s opinion on the same matter. Participants did so either in front of a mirror or not, and either after having received a cue for the fellow student’s most probable opinion—his perspective—or not, resulting in a 2 (self-awareness: Low vs. high) × 2 (cue: Yes vs. no) between persons design. As expected, self-aware participants were more likely to correctly estimate the fellow student’s most probable opinion, reflecting perspective-taking, if a cue for his/her perspe…
Influenze ed effetti della comunicazione politico/mediatica sul cittadino elettore
2009
Influenze ed effetti della comunicazione politico/mediatica sul cittadino elettore - This paper inquire the circular relationship between media, politics and voters examining the theories about the influences of the media on the individuals; media represent sources of knowledge and information about politics and they can be seen as tool of persuasion. Three levels of the influence exerted by media will be described: the dyadic influence, the influence within groups and the influence on individual opinions. Finally the theories about use and rewards offered by media, about media addiction, about the information processing approach and the perspec- tive of social constructivism encompassing i…
The Power of Odor Persuasion: The Incorporation of Olfactory Cues in Virtual Environments for Personalized Relaxation
2021
Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is directly connected with emotional areas in the brain. It gives rise to perception linked to emotion both in everyday life and in memory-recall activities. Despite its emotional primacy in perception and its role in sampling the real physical world, olfaction is rarely used in clinical psychological settings because it relies on stimuli that are difficult to deliver. However, recent developments in virtual-reality tools are creating novel possibilities for the engagement of the sense of smell in this field. In this article, we present the relevant features of olfaction for relaxation purposes and then discuss possible future applications of involvi…
Persuasione
2012
The paper focuses on some aspects of persuasion in order to show that it is an interesting phenomenon also for psychoanalysis. The basic assumption is that persuasion is different from manipulation. The proposed thesis is that persuasion - intended as a peculiar relation between patient and psychoanalyst - plays a crucial role in psychoanalysis. Indeed, according to Freud, the role played by the concept of sicher Überzeugung (the belief of the patient and his confidence in the analyst) is vital for the success of the therapy. Finally, the consideration of persuasion in its relation with psychoanalysis can help us to see the role of persuasion in the constitution of the species-specificity o…
Resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice.
2022
Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to study the consequences of social stress. In adolescent mice, SD induces depressive-like behaviors, increased anxiety and potentiates the reinforcing effects of cocaine and alcohol. However, not all mice exposed to SD will be susceptible to these effects. Adult mice resilient to the effects of SD show a consistent phenotype being resilient to depressive-like behaviors and to the increase in cocaine and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the resilient phenotype to depressive-like behavio…
Are Polygenic Risk Scores for Major Mental Disorders Associated with General or Specific Psychosis Symptom dimensions?
2019
Background Psychotic symptoms can be conceptualised as dimensions of psychopathology cutting across diagnostic boundaries. Thus, they might be considered enhanced quantitative phenotypes to relate to genetic variants as summarised by Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for Major Mental Disorders (MMDs), including Schizophrenia (SZ), Bipolar Disorder (BP), and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the dimensional structure of symptoms at First Episode Psychosis (FEP), testing whether a bi-factor model statistically fits the conceptualization of psychosis as a single common construct (general psychosis factor) while also recognising multidimensionality (p…