Search results for " PSI"
showing 10 items of 2972 documents
Mother- and father-infant interactions at 3 months of corrected age: The effect of severity of preterm birth
2017
Early interactions of 92 preterm infants with their mothers (n = 54) and fathers (n = 38) were explored at 3 months using CARE-Index. Results showed differences in interactions based on parent's gender, with higher control in mothers and unresponsiveness in fathers, while no effect of severity of birth weight emerged.
Qualitative different memory impairments across frontal lobe subgroups
2006
Recall impairments in patients with lesions to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have variously been attributed to problems with organisation at encoding, organisation at retrieval and monitoring at retrieval. Neuroimaging and recent theoretical work has associated the left lateral PFC with organisation and strategy production at encoding, and the right lateral PFC with organisation, error detection and monitoring at retrieval. However few lesion studies have been anatomically specific enough to test the direct predictions made by this work. Proactive interference, response to prompting, monitoring and organisational strategies were examined in 34 patients with frontal lobe lesions and 50 healthy…
Cerebellar Contribution to Mental Rotation: a cTBS Study
2013
A cerebellar role in spatial information processing has been advanced even in the absence of physical manipulation, as occurring in mental rotation. The present study was aimed at investigating the specific involvement of left and right cerebellar hemispheres in two tasks of mental rotation. We used continuous theta burst stimulation to downregulate cerebellar hemisphere excitability in healthy adult subjects performing two mental rotation tasks: an Embodied Mental Rotation (EMR) task, entailing an egocentric strategy, and an Abstract Mental Rotation (AMR) task entailing an allocentric strategy. Following downregulation of left cerebellar hemisphere, reaction times were slower in comparison…
Representation of time intervals in the right posterior parietal cortex: implications for a mental time line
2009
Space and time interact with each other in the cognitive system. Recent studies indicate the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as the neural correlate of spatial-temporal interactions. We studied whether the contribution of the PPC becomes critical in tasks requiring the performance of spatial computations on time intervals. We adopted an integrated neuropsychological and transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) approach, presenting behavioural timing tasks to both healthy subjects and right-brain-damaged patients with and without evidence of spatial neglect. rTMS of the right PPC of healthy subjects induced a lateralised bias during a task requiring setting the midpoint of a time interval. T…
Perceptual Pseudoneglect in Schizophrenia: Candidate Endophenotype and the Role of the Right Parietal Cortex
2013
Several contributions have reported an altered expression of pseudoneglect in psychiatric disorders, highlighting the existence of an anomalous brain lateralization in affected subjects. Surprisingly, no studies have yet investigated pseudoneglect in first-degree relatives (FdR) of psychiatric patients. We investigated performance on “paper and pencil” line bisection (LB) tasks in 68 schizophrenic patients (SCZ), 42 unaffected FdR, 41 unipolar depressive patients (UP), and 103 healthy subjects (HS). A subgroup of 20 SCZ and 16 HS underwent computerized LB and mental number line bisection (MNL) tasks requiring judgment of prebisected lines and numerical intervals. Moreover, we evaluated, in …
Teoría de la mente y funcionalidad en pacientes bipolares en remisión sintomática
2013
Introducción: Los déficits en la funcionalidad son comunes durante la remisión en el trastorno bipolar (TB). Adicionalmente, existe evidencia de alteraciones en la cognición social en remisión clínica. Estos déficits podrían contribuir a la disfunción observada en estos pacientes. Material y métodos: Doce pacientes bipolares en remisión sintomática (7 bipolares tipo i y 5 de tipo ii) y 12 individuos controles sin patología psiquiátrica completaron el Test de las Miradas y el Test de Faux Pas para evaluar teoría de la mente (ToM), y el Test Breve para la Evaluación de la Funcionalidad (FAST). Resultados: El desempeño de los pacientes bipolares en el aspecto cognitivo de la ToM se ubicó por d…
Low incidence of psychosis in Italy: confirmation from the first epidemiological study in Sicily
2017
Purpose: The incidence of psychotic disorders varies in different geographical areas. As there have been no reports from Southern Italy, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate of first-episode psychosis in Palermo, Sicily. Methods: All patients, aged 18–65 years, presenting with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) (ICD-10 F20–29, F30–33) to mental health services in Palermo, were recorded over a 3-year period. Incidence rates of psychotic disorders and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Poisson regression was applied to estimate the differences in incidence rate ratio (IRR) by age, sex and migrant status. Results: Two hundred and four FEP participants were iden…
Sociocognitive factors associated with nonadherence to medication after hospital discharge
2010
Poor adherence to prescribed medication is a well-known problem and continues to be a major challenge in all medical specialties. Unlike previous studies that have mainly focused on nonadherence behaviors in specific diseases, this study sought to examine socio-cognitive factors associated with nonadherence behavior in a sample of a general clinical population. A questionnaire investigating socio-demographic and cognitive factors and a telephone follow-up interview were administered to 84 patients recruited in a General Medicine Unit before their discharge. Half of the participants were informed about that follow-up procedure. One month after hospital discharge, 42% of uninformed patients r…
Domain-specific trends in cognitive impairment after acute ischaemic stroke.
2012
Little is known about the pattern of subacute cognitive domain impairments after ischaemic stroke, nor the temporal evolution of such impairments. Our objective was to investigate the pattern of cognitive impairment in different neuropsychological domains up to a year after ischaemic stroke. We included prospectively collected data from an observational database of stroke patients at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK. Patients were categorised into temporal groups according to the time between the index stroke and neuropsychological profiling. The prevalence of impairment in different cognitive domains was then compared between these categories. …
Cerebral Microbleeds and Long-Term Cognitive Outcome: Longitudinal Cohort Study of Stroke Clinic Patients
2012
<i>Background:</i> Vascular cognitive impairment causes significant disability in the elderly and is common following ischaemic stroke. Although the underlying mechanisms and prognostic factors remain unclear, small vessel diseases are known to contribute. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestation of small vessel diseases and may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment, particularly frontal-executive functions. We hypothesized that baseline CMBs would predict long-term cognitive outcome, specifically frontal-executive function. <i>Methods:</i> A cohort of consecutive patients found to have CMBs when first referred to a strok…