Search results for " Polymorphism."
showing 10 items of 1006 documents
Genetics of longevity. Data from the studies on Sicilian centenarians
2012
Abstract The demographic and social changes of the past decades have determined improvements in public health and longevity. So, the number of centenarians is increasing as a worldwide phenomenon. Scientists have focused their attention on centenarians as optimal model to address the biological mechanisms of "successful and unsuccessful ageing". They are equipped to reach the extreme limits of human life span and, most importantly, to show relatively good health, being able to perform their routine daily life and to escape fatal age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Thus, particular attention has been centered on their genetic background and immune system. In thi…
Dopamine Related Genes Differentially Affect Declarative Long-Term Memory in Healthy Humans
2020
In humans, monetary reward can promote behavioral performance including response times, accuracy, and subsequent recognition memory. Recent studies have shown that the dopaminergic system plays an essential role here, but the link to interindividual differences remains unclear. To further investigate this issue, we focused on previously described polymorphisms of genes affecting dopaminergic neurotransmission: DAT1 40 base pair (bp), DAT1 30 bp, DRD4 48 bp, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1). Specifically, 669 healthy humans participated in a delayed recognition memory paradigm on two consecutive days. On the first day, male vs. female faces served as cues predicting an immediate moneta…
Association between genetic variations in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (Igf-1) signaling pathway and longevity: a systematic review and met…
2013
Some studies have shown that polymorphisms in the insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway genes could influence human longevity. However, the results of different studies are often inconsistent. Our aim was to investigate by systematic review and meta-analysis the association of the common polymorphisms defining the genetic variability of the IGF-1 signaling pathway associated with human longevity. Eleven studies investigating the association between the polymorphisms in the IGF-1 signaling pathway genes (IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), Forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) and Silent mating type Information Regulation 1 (SIRT1) and longevity were found and analyzed. The modelfree approach wa…
Data from: Temporal relationship between genetic and warning signal variation in the aposematic wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis)
2014
Many plants and animals advertise unpalatability through warning signals in the form of colour and shape. Variation in warning signals within local populations is not expected because they are subject to directional selection. However, mounting evidence of warning signal variation within local populations suggests that other selective forces may be acting. Moreover, different selective pressures may act on the individual components of a warning signal. At present, we have a limited understanding about how multiple selection processes operate simultaneously on warning signal components, and even less about their temporal and spatial dynamics. Here, we examined temporal variation of several w…
Data from: Morphological vs. molecular delineation of taxa across montane regions in Europe: the case study of Gammarus balcanicus Schäferna, 1922 (C…
2015
Mountainous areas are characterized by substantial biodiversity and endemicity due to their complex geological history and habitat fragmentation. Hence, it can be assumed that particularly high species richness can be found in organisms with limited dispersal capabilities that inhabit mountain streams. A number of scientific papers focus on molecular phylogeography or traditional taxonomy of species or species groups inhabiting such habitats. However, there is a lack of studies that integrate morphological and molecular data to identify and delineate cryptic species. For practical reasons, uncovering cryptic diversity is crucial in taxa used in biomonitoring. Distinct species, hard to separ…
Data from: Trans-oceanic genomic divergence of Atlantic cod ecotypes is associated with large inversions
2017
Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions can play a crucial role in maintaining polymorphism underlying complex traits and contribute to the process of speciation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), inversions of several megabases have been identified that dominate genomic differentiation between migratory and non-migratory ecotypes in the Northeast Atlantic. Here, we show that the same genomic regions display elevated divergence and contribute to ecotype divergence in the Northwest Atlantic as well. The occurrence of these inversions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean reveals a common evolutionary origin, predating the more than 100,000 years old trans-Atlantic separation of Atlantic co…
Data from: Successive invasion-mediated interspecific hybridizations and population structure in the endangered cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus
2013
Hybridization between invasive and native species accounts among the major and pernicious threats to biodiversity. The Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, a widely used freshwater aquaculture species, is especially imperiled by this phenomenon since it is recognized by the IUCN as an endangered taxon due to genetic admixture with O. niloticus an invasive congeneric species. The Lower Limpopo and the intermittent Changane River (Mozambique) drain large wetlands of potentially great importance for conservation of O. mossambicus, but their populations have remained unstudied until today. Therefore we aimed (1) to estimate the autochthonous diversity and population structure among genet…
Data from: An aposematic colour-polymorphic moth seen through the eyes of conspecifics and predators - sensitivity and colour discrimination in a tig…
2019
1. Although predation is commonly thought to exert the strongest selective pressure on colouration in aposematic species, sexual selection may also influence colouration. Specifically, polymorphism in aposematic species cannot be explained by natural selection alone. 2. Males of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) are polymorphic for hindwing colouration throughout most of their range. In Scandinavia, they display either white or yellow hindwings. Female hindwing colouration varies continuously from bright orange to red. Redder females and yellow males suffer least from bird predation. 3. White males often have higher mating success than yellow males. Therefore, we ask wheth…
Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism of RANK gene with blood pressure in Spanish women
2020
Abstract In addition to governing key functions in bone metabolism and the immune system, the RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays a role in the vascular system, particularly in vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. Given that these 2 phenotypes are considered a major cause of high blood pressure (BP), in this study we analyzed the association of SNPs in RANK and OPG genes with blood pressure. An observational study was conducted of 2 SNPs in the RANK gene (rs884205 and rs78326403) and 1 in the OPG gene (rs4876869) with systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a cohort of 695 women. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the SNP rs884205 and BP press…
Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats
2013
Fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) is a rapid and simple method for separating microsatellite-containing DNA fragments from genomic DNA de novo. The method takes the advantage of the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique that relies on effective digestion-ligation reaction. The repeat-containing fragments are selectively hybridized to biotinylated probes and harvested by streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. The enriched microsatellite-containing fragments can be cloned and sequenced to yield a variety of microsatellite loci for applications in many different fields in molecular genetics.