Search results for " Population"

Reasons for low cervical cancer survival in new accession European Union countries: a EUROCARE-5 study.

2019

Purpose: With better access to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, cervical cancer (CC) burden decreased in several European countries. In Eastern European (EE) countries, which accessed European Union in 2004, CC survival was worse than in the rest of Europe. The present study investigates CC survival differences across five European regions, considering stage at diagnosis (local, regional and metastatic), morphology (mainly squamous versus glandular tumours) and patients’ age. Methods: We analysed 101,714 CC women diagnosed in 2000–2007 and followed-up to December 2008. Age-standardised 5-year relative survival (RS) and the excess risks of cancer death in the 5 years after diagnosi…

Differential Greek and northern African migrations to Sicily are supported by genetic evidence from the Y chromosome

2009

The presence or absence of genetic heterogeneity in Sicily has long been debated. Through the analysis of the variation of Y-chromosome lineages, using the combination of haplogroups and short tandem repeats from several areas of Sicily, we show that traces of genetic flows occurred in the island, due to ancient Greek colonization and to northern African contributions, are still visible on the basis of the distribution of some lineages. The genetic contribution of Greek chromosomes to the Sicilian gene pool is estimated to be about 37% whereas the contribution of North African populations is estimated to be around 6%. In particular, the presence of a modal haplotype coming from the southern…

Analysis of DNA sequence variation within marine species using Beta-coalescents

2013

We apply recently developed inference methods based on general coalescent processes to DNA sequence data obtained from various marine species. Several of these species are believed to exhibit so-called shallow gene genealogies, potentially due to extreme reproductive behaviour, e.g. via Hedgecock's "reproduction sweepstakes". Besides the data analysis, in particular the inference of mutation rates and the estimation of the (real) time to the most recent common ancestor, we briefly address the question whether the genealogies might be adequately described by so-called Beta coalescents (as opposed to Kingman's coalescent), allowing multiple mergers of genealogies. The choice of the underlying…

Cross-cultural differences in consumer quality perception of rice

2014

International audience; Most aspects of food product quality perception are culture-bound. We present a cross-cultural study aiming at understandinghow consumers from four countries (French, Japanese, Korean and Thai) perceive, describe and appreciate rice and ricequality. Marked differences were found in participants' motivation to consume rice: sensory and commodity in France; sensoryand health in Japan; nutrition and commodity in Thailand; and nutrition, health and safety in Korea. For the description of ricequalities, despite a few cultural differences, especially between Korean and Thai descriptions of white and brown rice samples,similar sensory profiles were obtained in the four coun…

The plants of the future. : genome editing in biotechnology

2021

The evolution of life has led to the formation of complex systems where plants are essentials. Homo sapiens’ success is based on its ability to obtain food. In what remains of this century, the world population will increase by a quarter of the current total, reaching 10 billion people. This is itself a major challenge, amplified by the environmental conditions resulting from global change and the threat to sustainability derived from the use of the planet’s natural resources. Thus, we wonder if we will be able to respond to this challenge and, to that end, how the plants of the future should look. Recent advances in sequencing techniques allow us to identify genomes at a low cost, and geno…

Soldier formation regulated by a primer pheromone from the soldier frontal gland in a higher termite, Nasutitermes lujae

1984

In the nasute higher termite Nasutitermes lujae , the differentiation of new soldiers is suppressed or delayed by the soldiers themselves. Experimental data strongly suggest that this inhibitory effect results from the action of a primer pheromone secreted by the frontal gland of soldiers. The pheromone must be contacted directly. Thus, the frontal gland of termite soldiers assumes a new role in addition to alarm and defense, although this extension cannot be generalized to all termite species. The soldier inhibitory pheromone is evidently only one of multiple factors contributing soldier regulation in termite societies.

Timing of a back-migration into Africa

2007

Indigenous North Africans are genetically quite distinct from sub-Saharan Africans ([1][1]), and this difference is reflected in their lighter skin and European/Middle Eastern physical features. We have previously suggested, on the basis of the distribution of mtDNA type M1, that North Africans are

Eradication of Culex pipiens fatigans through Cytoplasmic Incompatibility

1967

Culex pipiens fatigans is the chief vector of filariasis in south-east Asia. Urbanization has often caused the numbers of this mosquito—and with it the danger of filariasis infection—to increase alarmingly1. The natural vigour, tolerance and fast development of resistance to insecticides of this mosquito necessitate the development of other control methods, and cytoplasmic incompatibility2 seems to be an ideal means.

Mortality of multiple Sclerosis: a population based study.

2008

Multiple sclerosis survival: a population-based study in Sicily.

2010

Background and purpose: There are few population-based surveys on multiple sclerosis (MS) survival. To investigate MS survival in MS patients recruited during surveys conducted in Sicily. Methods: Multiple sclerosis patients identified during previous surveys were randomly matched to two referent subjects by residence, year of birth, and gender. Living status was obtained by municipality records (end of follow-up June, 30th 2007) and, for the deceased, date and causes of death were searched. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to calculate differences in mortality between MS patients and referent subjects. MS risks for mortality with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. Results: We …