Search results for " Probability"
showing 10 items of 2176 documents
Multimodal and multicriteria analysis for VLSI expertises and defects localization
2017
The purpose of this manuscript is to exhibit the research work solving the issue of data processing stem from defect localization techniques. This step being decisive in the failure analysis process, scientists have to harness data coming from light emission and laser techniques. Nevertheless, this analysis process is sequential and only depends on the expert’s decision. This factor leads to a not quantified probability of localization. Consequently to solve these issues, a multimodal and multicriteria analysis has been developped, taking advantage of the heterogeneous andcomplementary nature of light emission and laser probing techniques. This kind of process is based on advanced level too…
A study on the degree of relationship between two individuals.
2000
The paper studies the likely degree of relationship between two individuals who could possibly be half sibs. The possible common ancestor was dead, which further complicated the problem. The model used was devised by Thompson [in Rao and Chakraborty (eds): Handbook of Statistics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991] and establishes a correspondence between the possible degree of relationship and certain feasible probability distributions on the number of identical by descent genes. Two statistical approaches are considered: the classical one, in which the maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters of Thompson’s model are obtained, and the Bayesian one, in which the test of the hypothesis o…
Risk Assessment and Analysis
2014
Once threats are identified, they must be assessed or evaluated, which is the objective of this chapter. There is usually a large number of threats, making it impossible or unprofitable to analyze them all, meaning selection of the threats that will be addressed is important. It is a decision-making process; an example is proposed and solved by one of the many techniques available. The chapter proposes a very standard requested study, which is the assessment of the economic and financial risks of a project. This is done through a real-life-example, followed by another appraisal, this time devoted to economic issues, as well as another for transportation, introducing the important concept of…
Influence of economic crisis on new SME survival: reality or fiction?
2016
AbstractThe aim of this research was to analyse the survival of new ventures during periods of economic crisis. The article compares survival probability during growth and crisis periods. An empirical study was used to analyse new venture survival probability. Results show that new firms have a greater likelihood of surviving during crisis periods than they do during growth periods. An additional aim of the study was to analyse the survival probability of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs during crisis periods. Results show that gaps in survival likelihood between opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship are bigger during times of crisis than they are during growth periods.
Quantifying Structural Subsidy Values for Systemically Important Financial Institutions
2013
Abstract Claimants to Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs) would receive transfers when governments are forced into bailouts. Ex ante, this bailout expectation lowers SIFIs’ daily funding costs. The funding cost advantage reflects both the structural level of the government support and the time-varying market valuation for such a support. Based on a large worldwide sample of banks, we estimate the value of the structural subsidy, by exploiting expectations of state support embedded in credit ratings and by applying the long-run average value of the rating bonus. The value of the structural subsidy was already sizable, 60 basis points (bp), as of the end-2007, before the cri…
Robustness of the risk–return relationship in the U.S. stock market
2008
Abstract Using GARCH-in-Mean models, we study the robustness of the risk–return relationship in monthly U.S. stock market returns (1928:1–2004:12) with respect to the specification of the conditional mean equation. The issue is important because in this commonly used framework, unnecessarily including an intercept is known to distort conclusions. The existence of the relationship is relatively robust, but its strength depends on the prior belief concerning the intercept. The latter applies in particular to the first half of the sample, where also the coefficient of the relative risk aversion is smaller and the equity premium greater than in the latter half.
New Refinements of the McKay Conjecture for Arbitrary Finite Groups
2004
Let $G$ be an arbitrary finite group and fix a prime number $p$. The McKay conjecture asserts that $G$ and the normalizer in $G$ of a Sylow $p$-subgroup have equal numbers of irreducible characters with degrees not divisible by $p$. The Alperin-McKay conjecture is a version of this as applied to individual Brauer $p$-blocks of $G$. We offer evidence that perhaps much stronger forms of both of these conjectures are true.
Cartels Uncovered
2018
How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the efficiency of competition policy. We present a Hidden Markov Model that answers the question, taking into account that often we do not know whether a cartel exists in an industry or not. Our model identifies key policy parameters from data generated under different competition policy regimes and may be used with time-series or panel data. We take the model to data from a period of legal cartels - Finnish manufacturing industries 1951 - 1990. Our estimates suggest that by the end of the period, almost all industries were cartelized.
A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Italian SMEs Productivity
2009
Abstract In this paper, we adapt multilevel analysis methods to investigate the spatial variability of SMEs' productivity across the Italian territory, and account for differences in the socio-economic context. Our results suggest that to properly capture the variability of the data, it is important to allow for both spatial mean and slope effects. Social decay has the expected negative impact. However, while this effect is larger on firms with smaller capital intensity, firms with higher capital intensity seem to be less affected by geography. Greater territorial heterogeneity emerges among those firms with lower capital to labour ratios. Une analyse spatiale a plusieurs niveaux de la prod…
Semiparametric stochastic frontier models: A generalized additive model approach
2017
Abstract The choice of the functional form of the frontier into a stochastic frontier model is typically neglected in applications and canonical functions are usually considered. This paper introduces a semiparametric approach for stochastic frontier estimation that extends previous works based on pseudo-likelihood estimators allowing flexibility in model selection and capability of imposing monotonicity and concavity constraints. For these purposes the present work introduces a generalized additive framework that moreover permits to model the influence of contextual/environmental factors to the hypothesized production process by the relative extension given by generalized additive models f…