Search results for " Progression"
showing 10 items of 1092 documents
On several notions of complexity of polynomial progressions
2021
For a polynomial progression $$(x,\; x+P_1(y),\; \ldots,\; x+P_{t}(y)),$$ we define four notions of complexity: Host-Kra complexity, Weyl complexity, true complexity and algebraic complexity. The first two describe the smallest characteristic factor of the progression, the third one refers to the smallest-degree Gowers norm controlling the progression, and the fourth one concerns algebraic relations between terms of the progressions. We conjecture that these four notions are equivalent, which would give a purely algebraic criterion for determining the smallest Host-Kra factor or the smallest Gowers norm controlling a given progression. We prove this conjecture for all progressions whose ter…
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4: From chronic kidney disease to cardiovascular impairment
2016
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4), or chronic renocardiac syndrome, has been defined as "chronic abnormalities in renal function leading to cardiac disease" and recognizes the extreme burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is common and increasingly recognized as a risk factor for CVD. Even though the treatment for CVD has dramatically improved over the past decades, it still takes responsibility for up to 50% of deaths in CKD patients. For this reason, patients with CKD should be thoroughly evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors that require careful management, given the significant burden of CRS type 4 on the healthcare sys…
Current management of atopic dermatitis and interruption of the atopic march.
2003
Treatment of atopic dermatitis requires a comprehensive approach that includes evaluation of potential triggers and education of the patient and family regarding proper avoidance measures. Hydration of the skin and maintenance of an intact skin barrier remain integral to proper management. Although topical corticosteroids have been a mainstay of anti-inflammatory therapy, the newer topical calcineurin inhibitors offer advantages for treatment of this chronic, relapsing disease. Studies aimed at defining optimal combination therapy and early intervention might change the treatment paradigm for atopic dermatitis.
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of left ventricular abnormalities in chronic kidney disease: a review.
2010
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and represent the major hazard for mortality in this population. Anomalies of left ventricular (LV) structure and function are very frequent too among CKD patients, and show a negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis. Methods We searched PubMed for manuscripts regarding left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in CKD. Definition of LVH was different according to different studies. Results In patients with end-stage renal disease, the prevalence of LVH is higher than 70%. Studies in patients with less advanced CKD have reported increasing prevalence of LVH along with declining renal function…
Consensus on nomenclature for clinical staging models in bipolar disorder: A narrative review from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (I…
2021
Objectives Clinical staging is widely used in medicine to map disease progression, inform prognosis and guide treatment decisions; in psychiatry, however, staging remains a hypothetical construct. To facilitate future research in bipolar disorders (BD), a well-defined nomenclature is needed, especially since diagnosis is often imprecise with blurred boundaries, and a full understanding of pathophysiology is lacking. Methods Under the auspices of the International Society of Bipolar Disorders, a Task Force of international experts was convened to review, discuss, and integrate findings from the scientific literature relevant to the development of a consensus staging model and standardize a t…
Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment.
2019
Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling that affect the limbs, face, intestinal tract and airway. Since laryngeal oedema can be life-threatening as a result of asphyxiation, correct diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is vital. Hereditary angioedema attacks are mediated by bradykinin, the production of which is regulated by C1-INH. Hereditary angioedema therapy relies on treatment of acute attacks, and short- and long-term prophylaxis. Acute treatment options include C1-INH concentrate, icatibant and ecallantide. Self-administration of treatment is recomm…
Drug Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and Cancer Risk
2017
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, a sustained virologic response (SVR) to interferon-based therapy markedly decreases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over the long term. This is also true for patients who have hepatic cirrhosis, as well as for those with HCC-with or without cirrhosis-who have undergone resection or ablation with curative intent. Recent publications, however, have reported a higher incidence of HCC among patients in both of these subgroups who were treated with direct antiviral agents (DAA) rather than interferon-based therapy. METHODS A selective search for pertinent literature was carried out in the PubMed database with the search t…
Transarterial Chemoembolization Before Liver Transplantation in 60 Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2007
Tumor recurrence is a major problem after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In 60 patients OLT was performed for HCC after pretreatment by repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Forty-four recipients exceeded the Milan criteria. Recurrence-free 5-year survival was 65.2% and 5-year freedom from recurrence was 73.2%. During the waiting time, 14 patients experienced minimal change, which did not fulfill the definition of tumor progression according to official oncological criteria. Five-year freedom from recurrence among patients with stable compared with progressive disease was 93.3% versus 28.1%, respectively (P = .0001). A stri…
Expression of Wild-Type and Variant Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Liver Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression.
2011
Although estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), several clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of antiestrogen treatment in HCC patients. Recently, the identification of several ER splicing variants has enlightened the complex nature of estrogen signaling in peripheral tissues; this may help understanding estrogen role in either nontumoral or malignant nonclassical target organs, including liver. In this work we have investigated mRNA expression of wild-type and splice variants of ERα in nontumoral, cirrhotic, and malignant human liver, as well as in HCC cell lines, using an exon-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reacti…
Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV in patients with cardiovascular disease
2018
International audience; Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection include cardiovascular diseases and an increase in cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenic mechanisms by which HCV contributes to cardiovascular disease are not well defined, however, it is likely that systemic inflammation, and the promotion of other metabolic diseases are involved. In this Review, the evidence for HCV infection as a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease is evaluated. Furthermore, practical advice to evaluate cardiovascular disease risk and disease in chronic hepatitis C patients are included for help in daily clinical practice. Despite the advances in therapies for the treatment…