Search results for " Prophylaxis"
showing 10 items of 124 documents
Topical azithromycin for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 efficacy trial
2017
Summary Background Lyme borreliosis develops in 1–5% of individuals bitten by ticks, but with a diagnostic gap affecting up to 30% of patients, a broadly applicable pharmacological prevention strategy is needed. Topical azithromycin effectively eradicated Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from the skin in preclinical studies. We assessed its efficacy in human beings. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial done in 28 study sites in Germany and Austria, adults were equally assigned to receive topical 10% azithromycin or placebo twice daily for 3 consecutive days, within 72 h of a tick bite being confirmed. Randomisation numbers, which were stratified by …
Is telephone follow-up really effective in early diagnosis of inflammatory complications after tooth extraction?
2018
Background To establish whether telephone follow-up is really able to intercept post-extraction complications and to evaluate the degree of patient satisfaction with this kind of post-surgical monitoring. Material and Methods Six hundred and thirty-eight patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a test or control group. Test group patients were monitored by telephone follow-up 24 and 72 hours after surgery to investigate the presence of local symptoms that are frequently associated with surgical wound infection and inflammation. Both test and control group patients were examined 7 days at suture removal. Patients with systemic diseases, those in which intra-operative accidents occurre…
Efficacy of caspofungin and itraconazole as secondary antifungal prophylaxis: analysis of data from a multinational case registry
2009
Patients surviving invasive fungal disease (IFD) and needing further antineoplastic chemotherapy are at high risk of recurrent fungal infection. In the absence of randomised controlled trials in this area, secondary prophylactic regimens are diverse. From 448 patients registered with the Multinational Case Registry of Secondary Antifungal Prophylaxis, we performed an analysis of patients receiving caspofungin (CAS) or itraconazole (ITC). All patients had an underlying haematological malignancy and had been diagnosed with an episode of IFD earlier in their course of treatment. Data collected comprised demographics, underlying disease, first episode of IFD, antifungal prophylaxis, incidence a…
Prevalence of surgical site infections before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme
2012
Objectives: In order to assess the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme including the realization of a campaign to increase compliance with guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis, we designed and conducted the present study involving all 20 of the surgical departments of a large teaching hospital in Catania, Italy. Patients and methods: SSI definitions of the Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) protocol were used in four 1 day point-prevalence surveys. After the first survey, an infection control programme was implemented involving the active commitment of surge…
Secondary prophylaxis vs. on-demand treatment to improve quality of life in severe adult haemophilia A patients: a prospective study in a single cent…
2013
Background Retrospective publications show a decrease in the bleeding frequency and an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) in severe adult haemophilia A (SAHA) after switching from the on-demand treatment (DT) to secondary prophylaxis (SP). But there are no prospective studies which demonstrate, using a haemophilia-specific questionnaire, an improvement in the QoL after such treatment change. The main objective of this study is to prospectively compare the QoL and the musculoskeletal assessment after switching from DT to SP in SAHA using the A36 Hemofilia-QoL®. As secondary objective, we compare the haemarthrosis frequency and factor VIII consumption in DT and SP during a similar perio…
Alteration of vancomycin pharmacokinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
2003
The alteration of vancomycin pharmacokinetics during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was studied. Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Vancomycin (1 g) was intravenously infused one to two hours before surgery. Blood samples were taken before, during, and after CPB. Serum drug concentrations were determined by an automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay and adjusted, with a bayesian analysis, to a bi-compartmental model implemented in a pharmacokinetic system program. Serum creatinine, hematocrit, and plasma proteins were also measured before, during, and after CPB. During CPB, serum creatinine, hematocrit, and plasma protein values all de…
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: The multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-contro…
2019
Introduction Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS; gammaCore®) has the potential to prevent migraine days in patients with migraine on the basis of mechanistic rationale and pilot clinical data. Methods This multicentre study included a 4-week run-in period, a 12-week double-blind period of randomised treatment with nVNS or sham, and a 24-week open-label period of nVNS. Patients were to administer two 120-second stimulations bilaterally to the neck three times daily (6–8 hours apart). Results Of 477 enrolled patients, 332 comprised the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Mean reductions in migraine days per month (primary outcome) were 2.26 for nVNS (n = 165; baseline, 7.9 days) and 1.8…
Bayesian pharmacokinetic-guided prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII in severe or moderate haemophilia A
2018
Introduction: Personalised pharmacokinetics (PK) using Bayesian analysis with limited sampling is assumed to help to optimise prophylaxis in haemophilia A (HA) patients. Materials and methods: Our prospective, observational study analysed the influence of PK parameters on clinical variables (bleeding rates, joint status, adherence, and consumption) using myPKFiT (R) in a cohort of twenty-one severe and moderate HA patients on prophylaxis with recombinant FVIII (Advate (R)) in two periods of one year, the first before PK-based tailoring and the second after PK-guided prophylaxis. Intra-individual and inter-individual coefficients of variation (CV) of half-life (t(1/2)) were calculated. Resul…
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with immune thrombocytopenia treated with rituximab: a retrospective multicenter analysis
2021
The primary aim of this study was to describe the use of primary anti-infective prophylaxis (AP) in common clinical practice in patients affected by immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and treated with RTX. Population studied consisted of patients affected by ITP (age ≥ 18 years) who had received at least one dose of RTX from January 2008 to June 2018. Five Italian haematology centres participated in the current study. Data were retrospectively collected: demographic data (age, gender), concomitant comorbidities and previous therapies for ITP, characteristics of AP, the occurrence of infections and their management. The ITP cohort consisted of 67 patients sub-grouped into two categories according…
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery: A prospective study of 1100 adult patients.
2011
Summary Background Although guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) exist, specific guidelines for plastic surgery are missing and there is a tendency towards excessive administration of antibiotics. A total of 1100 patients were prospectively studied according to an evidence-based protocol to investigate if limiting antibiotic prophylaxis to high-risk cases does increase the infection rate. Methods Between April 2009 and April 2010, 1100 consecutive patients undergoing elective reconstructive or cosmetic procedures were enrolled. Procedures were classified into four groups, and prophylactic antibiotics were only administered perioperatively in 23.4%…