Search results for " Pulmonary"

2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism

2014

ACS : acute coronary syndrome AMPLIFY : Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis as First-line Therapy aPTT : activated partial thromboplastin time b.i.d. : bis in diem (twice daily) b.p.m. : beats per minute BNP : brain natriuretic peptide BP : blood pressure CI : confidence interval CO : cardiac output COPD : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPG : Committee for Practice Guidelines CRNM : clinically relevant non-major CT : computed tomographic/tomogram CTEPH : chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension CUS : compression venous ultrasonography DSA : digital subtraction angiography DVT : deep vein thrombosis ELISA : enzyme-linked immunosorben…

Role of the small heat shock protein alphaB-crystallin in pulmonary fibrosis and its implication in the signaling pathway of the Transforming Growth …

2013

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has no effective current treatment. It is characterized by a sub-pleural onset and the presence of myofibroblasts, responsible for the excessive extracellular matrix synthesis. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 is considered as the major profibrotic cytokine. Its signaling pathway occurs through the Smads proteins, including Smad4. TGF-β1 allows the differentiation of lung fibroblasts and epithelial and mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts. AB-crystallin is a small heat shock protein overexpressed in liver, renal and vascular fibrosis and can be induced by TGF-β1. In this study, we assessed the role of αB-crystallin in pleural and pulmonary fibrosis. W…

Bone marrow-derived progenitors are greatly reduced in patients with severe COPD and low-BMI.

2009

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have reduced circulating hemopoietic progenitors. We hypothesized that severity of COPD parallels the decrease in progenitors and that the reduction in body mass index (BMI) could be associated with more severe bone marrow dysfunction. We studied 39 patients with moderate to very severe COPD (18 with low-BMI and 21 with normal-BMI) and 12 controls. Disease severity was associated to a greater reduction in circulating progenitors. Proangiogenetic and inflammatory markers correlated with disease severity parameters. Compared to normal-BMI patients, low-BMI patients showed: greater reduction in circulating progenitors; higher VEGF-A, VEGF-C…

IS HYPOXIA A TRAINING STIMULUS FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES’ PERFORMANCE? A BRIEF REVIEW.

2012

ABSTRACT: Background. There is increasing popularity among elite athletes to endorse altitude training to enhance performance levels. Altitude training may be used for enhanced performance at sea level, or to acclimatise to a competition at altitude. Enhancement of muscle oxidative capacity, muscle glycolytic capacity, skeletal muscle oxygenation, oxygen transport and storage within the muscle, and hormonal regulation have been reported with altitude training. Aim. The aim of this review is to analyse current knowledge on hypoxic training and its possible relation to enhanced endurance performance. This paper will consider factors including the process of enhanced sea level performance in r…

La spirometria nel bambino collaborante

2016

La spirometria fornisce al medico l’opportunità di accertare la normalità ed il grado di anomalia della funzione respiratoria. Oggi è disponibile una grande varietà di attrezzature computerizzate per l’esecuzione della spirometria in età pediatrica e, in particolare, gli apparecchi che si basano sulla misura del flusso mediante pneumotacografo o turbina sono di facile uso ambulatoriale. I principali parametri misurati sono: FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25-75 ed il rapporto FEV1/FVC %. Attraverso l’esame spirometrico è possibile identificare almeno 3 pattern di condizione respiratoria patologica: 1) la disfunzione ventilatoria di tipo ostruttivo; 2) la disfunzione ventilatoria di tipo restrittivo; 3) …

Polymeric micelles based on a polyaspartamide copolymer for pulmonary delivery of beclomethasone dipropionate

2015

Biomarkers in obstructive respiratory diseases: An update

2012

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, with the involvement of many inflammatory cells and mediators. Traditionally, this inflammation is thought to spread to a systemic level, thus inducing damage of different organs. However, other pathogenetic mechanisms could take part to the above-described process, and some open questions need to be solved. Due to the burden and increasing prevalence of COPD, the opportunity to find biomarkers that can potentially be useful in identifying individuals with the disease, or better, prior to symptoms onset, to diagnose and properly manage the respiratory symptoms, as well as to evaluate the re…

Burden of Comorbidities in Patients with OSAS and COPD-OSAS Overlap Syndrome

2021

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are usually associated with multi-morbidity. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the prevalence of comorbidities in a cohort of patients with OSAS and COPD-OSAS overlap syndrome (OS) patients and to explore differences between these two groups. Materials and Methods: Included were consecutive OS patients and OSAS patients who had been referred to our sleep laboratory, and were matched in terms of sex, age, BMI, and smoking history. Presence of comorbidities was recorded based on their medical history and after clinical and laboratory examination. Results: …

Clinical manifestations of cancer in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

2023

Background Neoplasmatic disease increases the risk of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) by different pathophysiological mechanisms that favor thrombosis in patients with cancer. Recently, the role of cancer (active and occult) in the prevalence of venous thromboembolism has been discussed more thoroughly in the subject literature. Material Medical records of 366 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of APE (aged: mean = 65.0 ± 16.6, median = 68, range = 19–94; men = 41%/women = 59%) were collected with a wide range of demographic data, medical history of coexisting diseases, computer examination, and laboratory tests. Methods The APE patients were analyzed in two groups: negative cancer cases …

Inhibition of HSP27 blocks fibrosis development and EMT features by promoting Snail degradation

2013

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by myofibroblast proliferation. Transition of epithelial/mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts [epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] occurs under the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, with Snail being a major transcription factor. We study here the role of the heat-shock protein HSP27 in fibrogenesis and EMT. In vitro, we have up- and down-modulated HSP27 expression in mesothelial and epithelial cell lines and studied the expression of different EMT markers induced by TGF-β1. In vivo, we inhibited HSP27 with the antisense oligonucleotide OGX-427 (in phase II clinical trials as anticancer agent)…