Search results for " RETINA"

An SPM-Enriched Marine Oil Supplement Shifted Microglia Polarization toward M2, Ameliorating Retinal Degeneration in rd10 Mice

2022

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy causing progressive vision loss. It is accompanied by chronic and sustained inflammation, including M1 microglia activation. This study evaluated the effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) supplement containing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), on retinal degeneration and microglia activation in rd10 mice, a model of RP, as well as on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The EFA supplement was orally administered to mice from postnatal day (P)9 to P18. At P18, the electrical activity of the retina was examined by electroretinography (ERG) and innate behavior in response to light were measured. Retinal degeneration was …

Retinal Fundus Multi-Disease Image Dataset (RFMiD): A Dataset for Multi-Disease Detection Research

2021

The world faces difficulties in terms of eye care, including treatment, quality of prevention, vision rehabilitation services, and scarcity of trained eye care experts. Early detection and diagnosis of ocular pathologies would enable forestall of visual impairment. One challenge that limits the adoption of computer-aided diagnosis tool by ophthalmologists is the number of sight-threatening rare pathologies, such as central retinal artery occlusion or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and others are usually ignored. In the past two decades, many publicly available datasets of color fundus images have been collected with a primary focus on diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular…

Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection for Macular Edema Resulting from Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

2014

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injections for treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). DESIGN: A randomized, multicenter, double-masked phase 3 study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 177 treatment-naive patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO were randomized in a 3:2 ratio. METHODS: Patients received either 2-mg intravitreal aflibercept or sham injections every 4 weeks for 20 weeks. From week 24 to 48, the aflibercept group received aflibercept as needed (pro re nata [PRN]), and the sham group continued receiving sham injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients…

The Spectrum of Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia.

2021

Purpose: To investigate the ocular manifestations in 91 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) patients.Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational analysis.Results: Ocular impairments, detected in 19 patients, included flame-shaped hemorrhages, venous sausaging, papilledema, macular detachments, or central retinal vein occlusion in 16 patients; paraproteinemic keratopathy in 2; and a CANOMAD syndrome in 1. Best-corrected visual acuity was ≥0.5 logMAR units in 11 of 38 eyes. Intraocular pressure was increased in seven eyes. Genetic analysis in seven patients showed a mutation in the MYD88 gene in six patients and a nonsense mutation in the CXCR4 gene in five patients. Plasmapheresi…

2021

AIM: To investigate short- and long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and further ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) progression. METHODS: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 137 eyes of 75 patients with NTG, defined by glaucomatous optic disc or visual field defect with normal IOP (<21 mm Hg), independently from therapy regimen. IOP fluctuation, mean, and maximum were inspected with a mean follow-up of 38mo [standard deviation (SD) 18mo]. Inclusion criteria were the performance of minimum two 48-hour profiles including perimetry, Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) imaging, and optic disc photographs. The impact …

Analysis of the human a-wave ERG component

2006

The a-wave is one of the main issues of research in the field of ocular electrophysiology, since it is strictly connected with early photoreceptoral activities. The present study proposes mathematical methods that analyse this component in human subjects, and supports experimental evidence relating to possible correlations among the responses of photoreceptoral units under a light stimulus. The investigation is organized in two parts: the first part concerns the onset and the initial slope, up to the first minimum (about 10-15 ms), the second part deals with the main portion of the wave, up to about 30 ms. In both cases, the a-waves, recorded at various levels of luminance, have been fitted…

Reliability and Intersession Agreement of Microperimetric and Fixation Measurements Obtained with a New Microperimeter in Normal Eyes.

2015

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and intersession agreement of measurements of retinal sensitivity as well as of the fixation pattern obtained in healthy eyes with a microperimeter integrating the mechanism of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) with the static perimetry. Methods: This study included a sample of 44 healthy eyes of 44 subjects of a mean age of 27.0 ± 8.5 years. In all cases, microperimetric exams with the MAIA system (Centervue, Padova, Italy) were performed in three different sessions to evaluate the intersession repeatability. The consistency of measurements was analyzed by using the Friedman test and by analyzing the correlation between consecutive measurements. A…

Melanocortin receptor agonists MCR1-5protect photoreceptors from high-glucose damage and restore antioxidant enzymes in primary retinal cell culture

2016

Retinal photoreceptors are particularly vulnerable to local high-glucose concentrations. Oxidative stress is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy development. Melanocortin receptors represent a family of G-protein-coupled receptors classified in five subtypes and are expressed in retina. Our previous data indicate that subtypes 1 and 5 receptor agonists exert a protective role on experimental diabetic retinopathy. This study focuses on their role in primary retinal cell cultures in high-glucose concentrations. After eye enucleation from wild-type male C57BL/6 mice, retinal cells were isolated, plated in high-glucose concentration and treated with melanocortin receptors 1 and 5 agonists an…

Retinal and choroidal vasculature changes associated with chronic kidney disease

2018

Retinal and choroidal microvascular changes can be related to renal impairment in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study examines the association between retinochoroidal parameters and renal impairment in hypertensive, non-diabetic patients. This is a cross-sectional study on Caucasian patients with systemic arterial hypertension with different levels of renal function. All subjects were studied by blood chemistry, urine examination, microalbuminuria and blood pressure. Complete eye examination was completed with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans of macular region. Patients were divided in groups: L…

Synaptic ribbons, spheres and intermediate structures in the developing rat retina

1992

The present study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative development of synaptic bodies in retinae of Wistar rats during postnatal days 4-28. In addition, the effects of different light regimens and of eye pigmentation on SB numbers were studied. Synaptic bodies were counted and measured in the outer plexiform layer of retinal tissue fixed and processed by routine electron microscopical techniques. At postnatal days 4 and 5, retinae showed only few synaptic bodies. The main numerical development of synaptic bodies occurred between postnatal days 4 and 9, numbers remaining more or less constant thereafter. The intracellular location of synaptic ribbons changed from pre…