Search results for " RNA"

Inhibition of expression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in vitro by antibody-targeted liposomes containing antisense RNA to the env region.

1990

Previous studies revealed that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to specific regions of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) are potent inhibitors of replication of HIV-1 in vitro (Zamecnik, P. C., Goodchild, J., Taguchi, Y., and Sarin, P. S. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 4143-4146). We now report that antisense RNA, synthesized in vitro using T7 and SP6 RNA polymerase, displayed an anti-HIV-1 effect in the HTLV-IIIB/H9 system in vitro. Treatment of HIV-1-infected H9 cells with viral env region antisense RNA encapsulated in liposomes targeted by antibodies specific for the T cell receptor molecule CD3 almost completely inhibited HIV-1 production. The viral env segment cover…

Posttranscriptional RNA Modifications: Playing Metabolic Games in a Cell’s Chemical Legoland

2014

Nature combines existing biochemical building blocks, at times with subtlety of purpose. RNA modifications are a prime example of this, where standard RNA nucleosides are decorated with chemical groups and building blocks that we recall from our basic biochemistry lectures. The result: a wealth of chemical diversity whose full biological relevance has remained elusive despite being public knowledge for some time. Here, we will highlight a number of modifications that, because of their chemical intricacy, rely on seemingly unrelated pathways to provide co-factors for their synthesis. Besides their immediate role in affecting RNA function, modifications may act as sensors and transducers of i…

Microbial communities of the Mediterranean rocky coast: ecology and biotechnological potential

2018

AbstractMicrobial communities from harsh environments hold great promise as sources of biotechnologically-relevant strains. In the present work, we have deeply characterized the microorganisms from three different rocky locations of the Mediterranean coast, an environment characterised by being subjected to harsh conditions such as high levels of irradiation and large temperature and salinity fluctuations. Through culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, we have retrieved a complete view of the ecology and functional aspects of these communities and assessed the biotechnological potential of the cultivable microorganisms. A culture-independent approach through high-throughput 1…

Complete genome sequence of the hydrogenotrophic Archaeon Methanobacterium sp Mb1 isolated from a production-scale biogas plant

2013

Methanobacterium sp. Mb1, a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaeon, was isolated from a rural biogas plant producing methane-rich biogas from maize silage and cattle manure in Germany. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the novel methanogenic isolate Methanobacterium sp. Mb1 harboring a 2,029,766 bp circular chromosome featuring a GC content of 39.74%. The genome encodes two rRNA operons, 41 tRNA genes and 2021 coding sequences and represents the smallest genome currently known within the genus Methanobacterium. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cloning and functional analysis of cDNA encoding the hamster Bcl-2 protein.

2000

We have cloned cDNA encoding hamster Bcl-2 protein from total RNA of CHO-9 cells by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers sharing homology with the sequence of mouse and rat bcl-2. The fragments spanning the total coding region were cloned into pCR4-TOPO and sequenced for verification. The hamster bcl-2 cDNA has a size of 711 nucleotides and encodes a polypeptide of 236 amino acids. Hamster Bcl-2 shares 95.8 and 88.6% similarity with mouse and human Bcl-2, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 7.5 kb bcl-2 transcript in hamster (CHO-9), mouse (BK4), and rat (H5) cells and a 8.5 kb bcl-2 mRNA in human (HeLa MR) cells. The bcl-2 cDNA (771 bp) was recloned into pcDNA3 and the r…

FICC-Seq: a method for enzyme-specified profiling of methyl-5-uridine in cellular RNA.

2019

AbstractMethyl-5-uridine (m5U) is one the most abundant non-canonical bases present in cellular RNA, and in yeast is found at position U54 of tRNAs where modification is catalysed by the methyltransferase Trm2. Although the mammalian enzymes that catalyse m5U formation are yet to be identified via experimental evidence, based on sequence homology to Trm2, two candidates currently exist, TRMT2A and TRMT2B. Here we developed a genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution mapping method, Fluorouracil-Induced-Catalytic-Crosslinking-Sequencing (FICC-Seq), in order to identify the relevant enzymatic targets. We demonstrate that TRMT2A is responsible for the majority of m5U present in human RNA, and t…

MicroRNAs, the immune system and rheumatic disease.

2008

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatic disease and are, therefore, a potential target for drug development. This Review describes the well-established roles of miRNAs in hematopoiesis and the immune response, the molecular action of miRNAs in the simultaneous post-transcriptional regulation of multiple targets, and the evidence for roles of specific miRNAs in rheumatic disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that modulate the expression of multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. In hematopoietic cells, miRNA levels are dynamically regulated duri…

2020

The composition of phytoplankton community is the basis for environmental monitoring and assessment of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems. Community composition studies of phytoplankton have been based on time-consuming and expertise-demanding light microscopy analyses. Molecular methods have the potential to replace microscopy, but the high copy number variation of ribosomal genes and the lack of universal primers for simultaneous amplification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes complicate data interpretation. In this study, we used our previously developed directional primer-independent high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approach to analyze 16S and 18S rRNA community structures. C…

2021

Amplicon sequencing of partial regions of the ribosomal RNA loci (rDNA) is widely used to profile microbial communities. However, the rDNA is dynamic and can exhibit substantial interspecific and intraspecific variation in copy number in prokaryotes and, especially, in microbial eukaryotes. As change in rDNA copy number is a common response to environmental change, rDNA copy number is not necessarily a property of a species. Variation in rDNA copy number, especially the capacity for large intraspecific changes driven by external cues, complicates analyses of rDNA amplicon sequence data. We highlight the need to (i) interpret amplicon sequence data in light of possible interspecific and intr…

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Wild and Farmed Cervids in Poland

2021

Background: The role of cervids in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum has not yet been clearly determined