Search results for " Reason"
showing 10 items of 465 documents
The complexity of finite model reasoning in description logics
2005
AbstractWe analyse the complexity of finite model reasoning in the description logic ALCQI, i.e., ALC augmented with qualifying number restrictions, inverse roles, and general TBoxes. It turns out that all relevant reasoning tasks such as concept satisfiability and ABox consistency are ExpTime-complete, regardless of whether the numbers in number restrictions are coded unarily or binarily. Thus, finite model reasoning with ALCQI is not harder than standard reasoning with ALCQI.
Rethinking clinical decision-making to improve clinical reasoning
2022
Improving clinical reasoning techniques is the right way to facilitate decision-making from prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic points of view. However, the process to do that is to fill knowledge gaps by studying and growing experience and knowing some cognitive aspects to raise the awareness of thinking mechanisms to avoid cognitive errors through correct educational training. This article examines clinical approaches and educational gaps in training medical students and young doctors. The authors explore the core elements of clinical reasoning, including metacognition, reasoning errors and cognitive biases, reasoning strategies, and ways to improve decision-making. The article addres…
Performance evaluation of robotic knowledge representation (PERK)
2012
In this paper, we explore some ways in which symbolic knowledge representations have been evaluated in the past and provide some thoughts on what should be considered when applying and evaluating these types of knowledge representations for real-time robotics applications. The emphasis of this paper is that the robotic applications require real-time access to information, which has not been one of the aspects measured in traditional symbolic representation evaluation approaches.
Symbolic and conceptual representation of dynamic scenes: Interpreting situation calculus on conceptual spaces
2001
In (Chella et al. [1,2]) we proposed a framework for the representation of visual knowledge, with particular attention to the analysis and the representation of scenes with moving objects and people. One of our aims is a principled integration of the models developed within the artificial vision community with the propositional knowledge representation systems developed within symbolic AI. In the present note we show how the approach we adopted fits well with the representational choices underlying one of the most popular symbolic formalisms used in cognitive robotics, namely the situation calculus.
Formal operations and postformal reasoning: A replication
1991
The relationship between formal operations and postformal reasoning was examined by using the Shayer (1978) chemicals problem to assess formal operations and the Commons, et al. (1982) four-story problem to measure postformal reasoning. The subjects were 35 undergraduate social science and humanities students. None of the subjects who were classified as concrete operational or transitional on the chemicals task showed postformal reasoning. The hypothesis that full format operations are a necessary condition of post-formal reasoning and the expectation that subjects showing full formal operations are more likely than others to exhibit postformal reasoning was not supported.
Analytic gradients for the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples (CCSDT) model
2002
The first implementation of analytic gradients for the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, triples (CCSDT) model is described. The relevant theoretical expressions are given in a diagrammatic form together with the corresponding algebraic formulas. The computational requirements of CCSDT gradient calculations are discussed and their applicability demonstrated by performing benchmark calculations for molecular geometries with large correlation-consistent basis sets. A statistical analysis of the data reveals that CCSDT and CCSD(T) in most cases perform equally well. The CCSDT calculations thus provide further evidence for the high accuracy of the CCSD(T) approach.
Analytic first and second derivatives for the CCSDT-n (n = 1–3) models: a first step towards the efficient calculation of CCSDT properties
2000
Analytic first and second derivatives of the energy are implemented for closed-shell systems described by the CCSDT-n (n=1, 1b, 2 and 3) and CC3 electron correlation models. A detailed discussion of the computational requirements of these calculations is given, along with diagrammatic formulas for all relevant quantities. The method is applied to calculate the nuclear magnetic shielding of H2O, CO and N2O and the structure and properties of propadienylidene.
Indispensability and Effectiveness of Diagrams in Molecular Biology
2019
Abstract: In this paper I aim to defend a twofold thesis. On one hand, I will support, against Perini (2005), the indispensability of diagrams when structurally complex biomolecules are concerned, since it is not possible to satisfactorily use linguistic-sentential representations at that domain. On the other hand, even when diagrams are dispensable I will defend than they will generally be more effective than other representations in encoding biomolecular knowledge, relying on Kulvicki-Shimojima’s diagrammatic effectiveness thesis. Finally, I will ground many epistemic virtues of biomolecular diagrams (understandability, explanatory power, prediction and hypothesis evaluation) on their cog…
Managing conversation uncertainty in TutorJ
2009
Uncertainty in natural language dialogue is often treated through stochastic models. Some of the authors already presented TutorJ mat is an Intelligent Tutoring System, whose interaction with the user is very intensive, and makes use of both dialogic and graphical modality. When managing the interaction, the system needs to cope with uncertainty due to the understanding of the user's needs and wishes. In this paper we present the extended version of TutorJ, focusing on the new features added to its chatbot module. These features allow to merge deterministic and probabilistic reasoning in dialogue management, and in writing the rules of the system's procedural memory.
Europe’s Path to Public Reason
2012
Chapter 7 highlights how addressing public issues publicly is a main target of European institutions, considering their commitment to the identification of shared values and the protection of rights. In consideration of this, it is reasonable to ask whether the “Public Reason” set forth by Rawls can be somehow applied to Europe’s current perspective, understanding it to be the ruling criterion governing public issues. A major obstacle is to be found in the anti-pluralistic attitude which is widespread across the European states. However, constitutionalism, which is nowadays widely rooted on a global scale, makes contemporary political communities to characterize by disagreement and by the n…