Search results for " SLE"
showing 10 items of 597 documents
Day and Night Control of COPD and Role of Pharmacotherapy: A Review
2020
Abstract The topic of 24-hour management of COPD is related to day-to-night symptoms management, specific follow-up and patients’ adherence to therapy. COPD symptoms strongly vary during day and night, being worse in the night and early morning. This variability is not always adequately considered in the trials. Night-time symptoms are predictive of higher mortality and more frequent exacerbations; therefore, they should be a target of therapy. During night-time, in COPD patients the supine position is responsible for a different thoracic physiology; moreover, during some sleep phases the vagal stimulation determines increased bronchial secretions, increased blood flow in the bronchial circ…
Melatonin Concentrations and Sleep Quality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
2019
Abstract There is a close relationship between melatonin as a circadian regulator and insulin, glucagon and somatostatin production. This study aimed to describe subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients that may benefit from melatonin clock-targeting properties. The study involved 38 participants: 26 T2DM patients, and 12 participants without diabetes in the control group. Subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Standard biochemical venous sample testing was performed, and a sample of saliva was collected for melatonin testing. Melatonin concentration in participants without obesity (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2) was si…
Metabolic syndrome
2015
OSA is a common disorder with major cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. OSA is often associated with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome is particularly high in OSA patients. The role of obesity as a risk factor for OSA has been shown in population and clinical studies, and increased adipose tissue volume and neck circumference are closely linked with OSA, even though major sex-related differences exist. Besides OSA treatment, cardiometabolic risk factors should be assessed and possibly corrected in all OSA patients in order to reduce adverse events. Occurrence of metabolic syndrome should be investigated, and modifiable…
Sleep-disordered breathing in the elderly
2009
Purpose: The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases with aging. SDB is a risk of hypertension, and both might lead to cognitive decline. However, the role of SDB and hypertension on the pathogenesis of age-related cognitive decline remains unclear. We examined the effects of these two diseases on cognitive function in elderly adults.
Personalized medicine in sleep respiratory disorders; focus on OSA diagnosis and treatment.
2017
In all fields of medicine, major efforts are currently dedicated to improve the clinical, physiological and therapeutic understanding of disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is no exception. The personalised medicine approach is relevant for OSA, given its complex pathophysiology and variable clinical presentation, the interactions with comorbid conditions and its possible contribution to poor outcomes. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective, but CPAP is poorly tolerated or not accepted in a considerable proportion of OSA patients. This review summarises the available studies on the physiological phenotypes of upper airway response to obstruction durin…
Relationship between mild to moderate renal dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnea: Data from the European sleep apnea database
2013
The relationship between severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and kidney function was investigated in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA), where clinical, sleep, and biochemical data of patients studied for suspected OSA in 24 sleep centres of 17 European countries are stored. After excluding patients with missing data or extremely high/low creatinine values, data from 8112 subjects (2328 female) with creatinine values ranging between 0.5 and 2.0 mg% were analyzed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was obtained with the Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Patients were subdivided into two groups: group 1 (n = 3709) studied by full polysomnography; group 2 (n…
Neuropsychological Alterations in Children Affected by Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
2020
Sleep-related breathing disorders are a group of clinical conditions ranging from habitual snoring to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during the lifespan. In children, other risk factors are represented by adenotonsillar hypertrophy, rhinitis, nasal structure alteration, cleft palate, velopharyngeal flap surgery, pharyngeal masses, craniofacial malformations, genetic syndrome (i.e. Down syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, and Apert syndrome), genetic hypoplasia mandibular (i.e. Pierre Robin syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Shy-Drager syndrome, and Cornelia De Lange syndrome), craniofacial traumas, chronic or seasonal rhinitis, asthma, neuromuscular syndromes, brainstem pathologies (i.e.…
Multi-modality of polysomnography signals’ fusion for automatic sleep scoring
2019
Objective: The study aims to develop an automatic sleep scoring method by fusing different polysomnography (PSG) signals and further to investigate PSG signals’ contribution to the scoring result. Methods: Eight combinations of four modalities of PSG signals, namely electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) were considered to find the optimal fusion of PSG signals. A total of 232 features, covering statistical characters, frequency characters, time-frequency characters, fractal characters, entropy characters and nonlinear characters, were derived from these PSG signals. To select the optimal features for each signal fusion, four wi…
Cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological mechanisms
2015
OSA is a common disease that affects approximately 10% of the middle-aged population and becomes more prevalent with age. It is caused by intermittent and repetitive collapse of the UA during sleep. The main acute physiological consequences of OSA are oxygen desaturation, intrathoracic pressure changes and arousals. OSA is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is an independent risk factor for CVD. The pathogenesis of CVD in OSA is not completely understood but is likely to be multifactorial, involving a diverse range of closely interrelated and detrimental intermediate mechanisms that predispose patients to atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, sympa…
Sex-specific signatures of intrinsic hippocampal networks and regional integrity underlying cognitive status in multiple sclerosis
2021
Abstract The hippocampus is an anatomically compartmentalized structure embedded in highly wired networks that are essential for cognitive functions. The hippocampal vulnerability has been postulated in acute and chronic neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis, while the patterns of occurring inflammation, neurodegeneration or compensation have not yet been described. Besides focal damage to hippocampal tissue, network disruption is an important contributor to cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis patients. We postulate sex-specific trajectories in hippocampal network reorganization and regional integrity and address their relationship to markers of neuroinflammation, cognitive/memory per…